Published January 1, 2021
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Creators
Description
Norman, David B (2021): Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (1): 1-86, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa061, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/1/1/5893854
Files
Restricted
The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:4A52A552082FFF96E03F7400FFA5E61A
- URL
- http://publication.plazi.org/id/4A52A552082FFF96E03F7400FFA5E61A
References
- Agnarsson I, Miller JA. 2008. Is ACCTRAN better than DELTRAN? Cladistics 24: 1032-1038.
- Agnolin FL, Rozadilla S. 2018. Phylogenetic reassessment of Pisanosaurus mertii Casamiquela, 1967, a basal dinosauriform from the Late Triassic of Argentina. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16: 853-879.
- Alexander RMcN. 1976. Estimating the speeds of dinosaurs. Nature 261: 129-130.
- Alexander RMcN. 1985. Mechanics of posture and gait in some large dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 83: 1-25.
- Antunes MT, Mateus O. 2003. Dinosaurs of Portugal. Comptes Rendus Palevol 2: 77-95.
- Arbour VM, Currie PJ. 2013. Euoplocephalus tutus and the diversity of ankylosaurid dinosaurs in the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA. PLoS ONE 8: e62421.
- Arbour VM, Currie PJ. 2016. Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 14: 385-444.
- Arbour VM, Evans DC. 2017. A new ankylosaurine dinosaur from the Judith River Formation of Montana, USA, based on an exceptional skeleton with soft tissue preservation. Royal Society Open Science 4: 161086.
- Attridge J, Crompton AW, Jenkins FA. 1985. The southern African Liassic prosauropod Massospondylus discovered in North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 5: 128-132.
- Bakker RT, Galton PM. 1974. Dinosaur monophyly and a new class of vertebrates. Nature 248: 168-172.
- Baron MG, Norman DB, Barrett PM. 2017a. Postcranial anatomy of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Jurassic of southern Africa: implications for basal ornithischian taxonomy and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179: 125-168.
- Baron MG, Norman DB, Barrett PM. 2017b. A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution. Nature 543: 501-506.
- Baron MG, Norman DB, Barrett PM. 2017c. Brief communications: Baron et al. reply. Nature 551: E4-E5.
- Barrett PM. 2000. Prosauropod dinosaurs and iguanas: speculations on the diets of extinct reptiles. In: Sues H-D, ed. Evolution of herbivory in terrestrial vertebrates: perspectives from the fossil record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 42-78.
- Barrett PM. 2001. Tooth wear and possible jaw action of Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen and a review of feeding mechanisms in other thyreophoran dinosaurs. In: Carpenter K, ed. The armored dinosaurs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 25-52.
- Barrett PM, Maidment SCR. 2017. The evolution of ornithischian quadrupedality. Journal of Iberian Geology 43: 363-377.
- Barrett PM, Rayfield EJ. 2006. Ecological and evolutionary implications of dinosaur feeding behaviour. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21: 217-224.
- Barrett PM, Upchurch P. 1994. Feeding mechanisms of Diplodocus. In: Lockley MG,Dos Santos VF, Meyer CA, Hunt AF, eds. Aspects of sauropod paleobiology. Lisbon: National Natural History Museum of the Lisbon University, 195-203.
- Benson RBJ, Butler RJ, Carrano MT, O'Connor PM. 2012. Air-filled postcranial bones in theropod dinosaurs: physiological implications and the 'reptile'-bird transition. Biological Reviews 87: 168-193.
- Bever GS, Norell MA. 2009. The perinate skull of Byronosaurus (Troodontidae) with observations on the cranial ontogeny of paravian theropods. American Museum Novitates 3657: 1-51.
- Bosc L. 1792. Lacerta exanthematica. Actes de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1: 25.
- Brazeau MD. 2011. Problematic coding methods in morphology and their effects. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 104: 489-498.
- BreedenBT. 2016. Observationsontheosteologyof Scutellosaurus lawleri Colbert, 1981 (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) on the basis of new specimens from the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Masters Thesis, University of Texas.
- Bremer K. 1994. Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics 10: 295-304.
- Britt BB. 1997. Postcranial pneumaticity. In: Currie PJ, Padian K, eds. Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. London: Academic Press, 590-593.
- Brocklehurst RJ, Moritz S, Codd JR, Sellers WI, Brainerd EL. 2017. Rib kinematics during lung ventilation in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis): an XROMM analysis. Journal of Experimental Biology 220: 3181-3190.
- Broom R. 1913. On the South African pseudosuchian Euparkeria and allied genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1913: 619-633.
- Brown B. 1908. The Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24: 187-201.
- Brown CM. 2017. An exceptionally preserved armored dinosaur reveals the morphology and allometry of osteoderms and their horny epidermal coverings. PeerJ 5: e4066.
- Bryant HN, Russell AP. 1992. The role of phylogenetic analysis in the inference of unpreserved attributes of extinct taxa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 337: 405-418.
- Butler RJ, Galton PM. 2008. The 'dermal armour' of the ornithopod dinosaur Hypsilophodon from the Wealden (Early Cretaceous: Barremian) of the Isle of Wight: a reappraisal. Cretaceous Research 29: 636-642.
- Butler RJ, Upchurch P, Norman DB. 2008. The phylogeny of the ornithischian dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6: 1-40.
- Carpenter K. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of the Ankylosauria. In: Carpenter K, ed. The armored dinosaurs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 455-483.
- Carpenter K, Miles C, Cloward K. 1998. Skull of a Jurassic ankylosaur (Dinosauria). Nature 393: 782-783.
- Carpenter K, DiCroce T, Kinneer B, Simon R. 2013. Pelvis of Gargoyleosaurus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria) and the origin and evolution of the ankylosaur pelvis. PLoS ONE 8: e79887.
- Carrano MT. 1998. Locomotion in non-avian dinosaurs: integrating data from hindlimb morphology, biomechanics and modern analogues. Paleobiology 24: 450-469.
- Carrano MT. 1999. What, if anything, is a cursor? Categories versus continua for determining locomotor habit in mammals and dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology 247: 29-42.
- Carrano MT. 2000. Homoplasy and the evolution of dinosaur locomotion. Paleobiology 26: 489-512.
- Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. 2002. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 253: 207-228.
- Carrano MT, Janis CM, Sepkoski Jr JJ. 1999. Hadosaurs as ungulate parallels: lost lifestyles and deficient data. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 44: 237-261.
- Carrier DR, Farmer CG. 2000a. The evolution of pelvic aspiration in archosaurs. Paleobiology 26: 271-293.
- Carrier DR, Farmer CG. 2000b. The integration of ventilation and locomotion in archosaurs. American Zoologist 40: 87-100.
- Carroll RL. 1988. Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. San Francisco: Freeman.
- Casamiquela RF. 1967. Un nuevo dinosaurio ornitisquio triasico (Pisanosaurus mertii: Ornithopoda) de la formacion Ischigualasto, Argentina. Ameghiniana 4: 47-64.
- Charig AJ. 1972. The evolution of the archosaur pelvis and hind limb: an explanation in functional terms. In: Joysey KA, Kemp TS, eds. Studies in vertebrate evolution. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 121-155.
- Charig AJ. 1982. Problems of dinosaur phylogeny: a reasoned approach to their attempted resolution. Geobios Memoire Special 6: 113-126.
- Charig AJ, Crompton AW, Attridge J. 1965. On the origin of the Sauropoda and the classification of the Saurischia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 176: 197-221.
- Cieri RL, Farmer CG. 2016. Unidirectional pulmonary airflow in vertebrates: a review of structure, function and evolution. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 186: 541-552.
- Claessens LAPM. 2004. Dinosaur gastralia: origin, myology and function. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 89-106.
- Codd JR, Manning PL, Norell MA, Perry SF. 2008. Avianlike breathing mechanics in maniraptoran dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275: 157-161.
- Codd JR , Rose KAR , Tickle PG, Sellers WI , Brocklehurst RJ, Elsey RM, Crossley II DA. 2019. A novel accessory respiratory muscle in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Biology Letters 15: 148135.
- Colbert EH. 1968. Men and dinosaurs. The search in field and laboratory. London: Evans Brothers.
- Colbert EH. 1981. A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 53: 1-61.
- Coombs WP. 1971. The Ankylosauria. PhD Thesis, Columbia University NY, USA.
- Coombs WP. 1978a. The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order Ankylosauria. Palaeontology 21: 143-170.
- Coombs WP. 1978b. Forelimb muscles of the Ankylosauria (Reptilia, Ornithischia). Journal of Paleontology 52: 642-657.
- Coombs WP. 1978c. Theoretical aspects of cursorial adaptation in dinosaurs. Quarterly Reviews in Biology 53: 393-418.
- Coombs WP. 1979. Osteology and myology of the hindlimb in the Ankylosauria (Reptilia, Ornithischia). Journal of Paleontology 53: 666-684.
- Coombs WP, Maryanska T. 1990. Ankylosauria. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H, eds. The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press, 456-483.
- Coombs WP, Weishampel DB, Witmer LM. 1990. Basal Thyreophora. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H, eds. The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press, 427-434.
- Cooper MR. 1985. A revision of the ornithischian dinosaur Kangnasaurus coetzeei Haughton, with a classification of the Ornithischia. Annals of the South African Museum 95: 281-317.
- Cope ED. 1866. On anatomical peculiarities of some Dinosauria (on the anomalous relations existing between tibia and fibula in certain of the Dinosauria). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1866: 316-317.
- Cope ED. 1867. An account of the extinct reptiles which approached the birds. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1867: 234-235.
- Crawford NG , Faircloth BC , McCormack JE , Brumfield RT, Winker K, Glenn TC. 2012. More than 1000 ultraconserved elements provide evidence that turtles are the sister group of archosaurs. Biology Letters 8: 783-786.
- Crush PJ. 1984. A late Triassic sphenosuchid crocodilian from Wales. Palaeontology 27: 131-157.
- Dal Sasso C, Signore M. 1998. Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in a theropod from Italy. Nature 392: 383-387.
- Darwin CR. 1859. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray.
- Desmond AJ. 1975. The hot-blooded dinosaurs. A revolution in palaeontology. London: Blond & Briggs.
- Dollo L. 1884. Cinquieme note sur les dinosauriens de Bernissart. Bulletin de la Musee Royale d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique III: 129-146.
- Dollo L. 1888. Sur la signification du "trochanter pendant" des dinosauriens. Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique XIX: 215-224.
- Dong Z-M. 2001. Primitive armoured dinosaur from the Lufeng Basin, China. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K, eds. Mesozoic vertebrate life. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 237-242.
- Dong Z-M, Tang Z, Zhou S. 1982. Note on the new mid- Jurassic stegosaur from Sichuan Basin, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica 20: 83-87. [In Chinese]
- Dooling RJ, Lohr B, Dent ML. 2000. Hearing in birds and reptiles. In: Dooling RJ, Fay RR, Popper AN, eds. Comparative hearing: birds and reptiles. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. New York: Springer, 308-359.
- Dzik J. 2003. A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaurian affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 556-574.
- Eaton TH. 1960. A new armored dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Kansas. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions: Vertebrata 8: 1-24.
- Ewer RF. 1965. The anatomy of the thecodont reptile Euparkeria capensis Broom. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 248: 379-435.
- Farmer CG, Sanders K. 2010. Unidirectional airflow in the lungs of alligators. Science 327: 338-340.
- Farris JS. 1970. Methods for computing Wagner trees. Systematic Zoology 19: 83-92.
- Farris JS. 1976. Phylogenetic classification of fossils with recent species. Systematic Zoology 25: 271-282.
- Frey E. 1984. Aspects of the biomechanics of crocodilian locomotion. In: Reif W-E, Wesphal F, eds. Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Tubingen: Attempto Verlag, 93-98.
- Frey E . 1989 . Das Tragsystem der Krokodile bei der terrestrischen Lokomotion - eine anatomische, biomechanische und phylogenetische Analyse. PhD Thesis, Universitat Tubingen.
- Galton PM. 1969. The pelvic musculature of the dinosaur Hypsilophodon (Reptilia: Ornithischia). Postilla 131: 1-64.
- Galton PM. 1970. The posture of hadrosaurian dinosaurs. Journal of Paleontology 44: 464-473.
- Galton PM. 1971. Hypsilophodon the cursorial non-arboreal dinosaur. Nature 231: 159-161.
- Galton PM. 1973. The cheeks of ornithischian dinosaurs. Lethaia 6: 67-89.
- Galton PM. 1974. The ornithischian dinosaur Hypsilophodon from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 25: 1-152.
- Galton PM. 1981. Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa. Postcranial skeleton. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 55: 271-312.
- Galton PM. 1983. The cranial anatomy of Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and East Africa, with a review of the hypsilophodontids from the Upper Jurassic of North America. Geologica et Paleontologica 17: 207-243.
- Galton PM. 1988. Skull bones and endocranial casts of the stegosaurian dinosaur Kentrosaurus Hennig, 1915 from the Upper Jurassic of Tanzania, East Africa. Geologica et Palaontologica 1988: 123-143.
- Galton PM. 2014. Notes on the postcranial anatomy of the heterodontosaurid dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki, a basal ornithischian from the Lower Jurassic of South Africa. Revue de Paleobiologie 33: 97-141.
- Gans C. 1970. Respiration in early tetrapods - the frog is a red herring. Evolution 24: 723-734.
- Gaston RW, Stellenbach J, Kirkland JI. 2001. Mounted skeleton of the polacanthine ankylosaur Gastonia burgei. In: Carpenter K, ed. The armored dinosaurs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 386-398.
- Gatesy SM. 1990. Caudofemoral musculature and evolution of theropod locomotion. Paleobiology 16: 170-186.
- Gatesy SM. 1995. Functional evolution of the hindlimb and tail from basal theropods to birds. In: Thomason JJ, ed. Functional morphology in vertebrate evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 219-234.
- Gatesy SM, Dial KP. 1996a. Locomotor modules and the evolution of avian flight. Evolution 50: 331-340.
- Gatesy SM, Dial KP. 1996b. From frond to fan: Archaeopteryx and the evolution of short-tailed birds. Evolution 50: 2037-2048.
- Gauthier JA. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. In: Padian K, ed. The origin of birds and the evolution of flight. Memoir of the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco) 8: 1-55.
- George JC, Berger AJ. 1966. Avian myology. London: Academic Press.
- Gilmore CW. 1914. Osteology of the armored Dinosauria in the U.S. National Museum, with special reference to Stegosaurus. United States National Museum Bulletin 89: 1-136.
- Gilmore CW. 1930. On dinosaurian reptiles from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 77: 1-39.
- Gilmore CW. 1933. Two new dinosaurian reptiles from Mongolia with notes on some fragmentary specimens. American Museum Novitates 679: 1-20.
- Godefroit P. Pereda-Suberbiola X. Li H. Dong ZM. 1999. A new species of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia (P.R. China). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 69: 17-36.
- Greaves WS. 1995. Functional predictions from theoretical models of the skull and jaws in reptiles and mammals. In: Thomason JJ, ed. Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 99-115.
- Gregory WK. 1912. Notes on the principles of quadrupedal locomotion and on the mechanism of the limbs in hoofed animals. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 22: 267-294.
- Haas G. 1969. On the jaw muscles of ankylosaurs. American Museum Novitates 2399: 1-11.
- Hall MI. 2008. The anatomical relationships between the avian eye, orbit and sclerotic ring: implications for inferring activity patterns in extinct birds. Journal of Anatomy 212: 781-794.
- Hall MI, Kirk EC, Kamilar JM, Carrano MT. 2011. Comment on "Nocturnality in dinosaurs inferred from scleral ring and orbit morphology". Science 334: 1641.
- Haubold H. 1990. Ein neuer Dinosaurier (Ornithischia, Thyreophora) aus dem unteren Jura des nordlichen Mitteleuropa. Revue de Paleobiologie 9: 149-177.
- Heaton MJ. 1972. The palatal structure of some Canadian Hadrosauridae (Reptilia: Ornithischia). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 9: 185-205.
- Hennig E. 1925 . Kentrurosaurus aethiopicus. Die Stegosaurier-Funde vom Tendaguru, Deutsch-Ostafrika. Palaeontographica 7: 101-254.
- Hill RV, Witmer LM, Norell MA. 2003. A new specimen of Pinacosaurus grangeri (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia: ontogeny and phylogeny of ankylosaurs. American Museum Novitates 3395: 1-29.
- Hofer H. 1950. Zur Morphologie der Kiefermuskulatur der Vogel. Zoologische Jahrbuch 70: 427-556.
- Hofstetter R, Gasc J-P. 1969. Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles. In: Gans C, Bellairs Ad'A, Parsons TS, eds. Biology of the Reptilia. London: Academic Press, 201-310.
- Holliday CM. 2009. New insights into dinosaur jaw muscle anatomy. The Anatomical Record 292: 1246-1265.
- Hutchinson JR. 2000a. The evolution of pelvic osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 123-167.
- Hutchinson JR. 2000b. The evolution of femoral osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 168-197.
- Hutchinson JR. 2004. Biomechanical modelling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running ability 2. Extinct taxa. Journal of Morphology 262: 441-461.
- Hutchinson JR, Garcia M. 2002. Tyrannosaurus rex was not a fast runner. Nature 415: 1018-1021.
- Hutchinson JR, Gatesy SM. 2000. Adductors, abductors and the evolution of archosaur locomotion. Paleobiology 26: 734-751.
- Hutson JD, Hutson KN. 2012. A test of the validity of range of motion studies of fossil archosaur elbow mobility using repeated-measures analysis and the extant phylogenetic bracket. Journal of Experimental Biology 215: 2030-2038.
- Huxley TH. 1868. On the animals which are most nearly intermediate between birds and reptiles. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2: 66-75.
- Huxley TH. 1870a. Further evidence of the affinities between the dinosaurian reptiles and birds. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 26: 12-31.
- Huxley TH. 1870b. On the classification of the Dinosauria with observations on the Dinosauria of the Trias. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 26: 32-51.
- Iordansky NN. 1964. The jaw muscles of the crocodiles and some related structures of the crocodilian skull. Anatomischer Anzeiger 115: 256-280.
- Janensch W. 1955. Der ornithopode Dysalotosaurus der Tendaguruschichten. Palaeontographica Supplement VII: 105-176.
- Jarman PJ. 1974. The social organisation of antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour 48: 215-266.
- Ji Q, Currie PJ, Norell MA, Ji S-A. 1998. Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China. Nature 393: 753-761.
- Jirak D, Janacek J. 2017. Volume of the crocodilian brain and endocast during ontogeny. PLoS One 12: e0178491.
- King GM. 1996. Reptiles and herbivory. London: Chapman and Hall.
- Kirkland JI. 1998. A polacanthine ankylosaur (Ornithischia: Dinosauria) from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of eastern Utah. In: Lucas SG, Kirkland JI, Estep JW, eds. Lower and Middle Cretaceous ecosystems. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 271-281.
- Kuhn O. 1946. Das system der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Bericht der naturforschenden Gesellschaft Bamberg 29: 49-67.
- Lakjer T. 1926. Studien uber die Trigeminus-versorgte Kaumuskulatur der Sauropsiden. Copenhagen: Reitzel.
- Lambe LM. 1902. On the vertebrata of the mid-Cretaceous of the northwestern Territory. Part 2. New genera and species from the Belly River series (mid Cretaceous). Geological Survey of Canada Separate Report 774. Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 2: 25-81.
- Langer MC, Ezcurra MD, Rauhut OWM, Benton MJ, Knoll F, McPhee BW, Novas FE, Pol D, Brusatte SL. 2017. Untangling the dinosaur family tree. Nature 551: E1-E3.
- Lapparent AF de, Zbyszewski G. 1957. Les dinosauriens de Portugal. Memoirs des Services Geologiques du Portugal 2: 1-63.
- Lauder GV. 1991. Biomechanics and evolution: integrating physical and historical biology in the study of complex systems. In: Rayner JMV, Wootton RJ, eds. Biomechanics in evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-19.
- Leahey LG, Molnar RE, Carpenter K, Witmer LM, Salisbury SW. 2015 . Cranial osteology of the ankylosaurian dinosaur formerly known as Minmi sp. (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) from the Lower Cretaceous Alllaru Mudstone of Richmond, Queensland, Australia. PeerJ 3: e1475l.
- Lee Y-N. 1996. A new nodosaurid ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) form the Early Cretaceous (late Albian) of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16: 232-245.
- Leidy J. 1859. Hadrosaurus foulkii, a new saurian from the Cretaceous of New Jersey related to the genus Iguanodon. American Journal of Science 27: 266-270.
- Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentiis, synonymis, locis, 10th edn. Stockholm: L. Salvius.
- Longrich NR, Currie PJ. 2009. Albertonykus borealis, a new alvarezsaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Maastrichtian of Alberta Canada: implications fro systematics and ecology of the Alvarezsauridae. Cretaceous Research 30: 239-252.
- Lucas SG. 1996. The thyreophoran dinosaur Scelidosaurus from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation, Yunnan, China. In: Morales M, ed. The Continental Jurassic. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 60: 81-85.
- Lull RS. 1910. Stegosaurus ungulatus Marsh, recently mounted at the Peabody Museum of Yale University. American Journal of Science 30: 361-376.
- Lull RS, Wright NE. 1942. Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America. Geological Society of America. Special Paper 40: 1-242.
- Luther A. 1914. Uber die vom N. Trigeminus versorgte Muskulatur der Amphibien. Acta Societas Scientiarum Fennica 44: 1-151.
- Macaluso L, Tschopp E. 2018. Evolutionary changes in pubic orientation in dinosaurs are more strongly correlated with the ventilatory system than with herbivory. Palaeontology 61: 703-719.
- Madison DR, Madison WP. 2003. MacClade: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution, V.4.06. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Inc.
- Maidment SCR. 2010. Stegosauria: a historical review of the body fossil record and phylogenetic relationships. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 103: 199-210.
- Maidment SCR, Barrett PM. 2011. The locomotor musculature of basal ornithischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 1265-1291.
- Maidment SCR, Barrett PM. 2014. Osteological correlates for quadrupedalism in ornithischian dinosaurs. Palaeontologica Polonica 59: 53-70.
- Maidment SCR, Wei S, Norman DB. 2006. Re-description of the postcranial skeleton of the Middle Jurassic stegosaur Huayangosaurus taibaii. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26: 944-956.
- Maidment SCR, Norman DB, Barrett PM, Upchurch P. 2008. Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6: 364-407.
- Maidment SCR, Brassey C, Barrett PM. 2015. The postcranial skeleton of an exceptionally complete individual of the plated dinosaur Stegosaurus stenops (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, USA. PLoS One 10: e0138352.
- Manafzadeh AR, Padian K. 2018. ROM mapping of ligamentous constraints on avian hip mobility: implications for extinct ornithodirans. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 285: e0727.
- Marsh OC. 1881. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part V. American Journal of Science XXI: 417-423.
- Marsh OC. 1884. Principal characters of the American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part VII. American Journal of Science XXVII: 161-167.
- Marsh OC. 1891. The gigantic Ceratopsidae, or horned Dinosaurs, of North America. American Journal of Science XLI: 167-178.
- Marsh OC. 1895. On the affinities and classification of the dinosaurian reptiles. American Journal of Science L: 483-498.
- Marshall CR. 2019. Using the fossil record to evaluate timetree timescales. Frontiers in Genetics 10: 1049.
- Martin GR. 1982. An owl's eye: schematic optics and visual performance. Journal of Comparative Physiology 145: 341-349.
- Martinez RN, Apaldetti C, Alcober OA, Colombi CE, Sereno PC, Fernandez E, Malnis PA, Correa GA, Abelin D. 2013. Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32: 10-30.
- Maryanska T. 1971. New data on the skull of Pinacosaurus grangeri (Ankylosauria). Palaeontologia Polonica 25: 45-53.
- Maryanska T. 1977. Results of the Polish-Mongolian palaeontological expeditions. Part VII. Ankylosauridae (Dinosauria) from Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica 37: 85-151.
- Maryanska T, Osmolska H. 1985. On ornithischian phylogeny. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 30: 137-150.
- Mateus O, Maidment SCR, Christiansen NA. 2009. A new long-necked 'sauropod mimic' stegosaur and the evolution of the plated dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 276: 1815-1821.
- McBee RH. 1977. Fermentation in the hindgut. In: Clarke RTJ, Bauchop T, eds. Microbial ecology of the gut. London: Academic Press, 185-222.
- Meers MB. 2003. Crocodylian forelimb musculature and its relevance to Archosauria. The Anatomical Record 274A: 891-916.
- Meyer H von. 1832. Palaeological zur Geschichte der Erde und ihrer Geschopfe. Frankfurt: Schmerber.
- Molnar RE. 1996. Preliminary report on a new ankylosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39: 653-668.
- Munns SL, Overkowicz T, Andrewartha SJ, Frappell PB. 2012. The accessory role of the diaphragmaticus muscle in lung ventilation in the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus prorosus. Journal of Experimental Biology 215: 845-852.
- Nabavizadeh A. 2016. Evolutionary trends in the jaw adductor mechanics of ornithischian dinosaurs. The Anatomical Record 299: 271-294.
- Nesbitt SJ, Turner AH, Spaulding M, Conrad JL, Norell MA. 2009. The theropod furcula. Journal of Morphology 270: 856-879.
- Newman BH. 1968. The Jurassic dinosaur Scelidosaurus harrisoni, Owen. Palaeontology 11: 40-43.
- Nopcsa F. 1915. Die Dinosaurier des siebenburgischen Landesteile Ungarns. Mitteilungen aus dem Jahrbuche der Koniglich Ungarsichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, Budapest XXIII: 3-24.
- Nopcsa FB. 1928. The genera of reptiles. Palaeobiologica 1: 163-188.
- Nopcsa FB. 1929. Dinosaurier aus Siebenburgen. V. Geological Hungarica 4: 1-76.
- Norell MA. 1993. Tree-based approaches to understanding history: comments on ranks, rules and the quality of the fossil record. American Journal of Science 293A: 407-417.
- Norell MA, Novacek MJ. 1992. The fossil record and evolution: comparing cladistic and paleontologic evidence for vertebrate history. Science 255: 1690-1693.
- Norell MA, Balanoff AM, Barta DE, Erickson GM. 2018. A second specimen of Citipati osmolskae associated with a nest of eggs from Ukhaa Tolgod, Omnogov Aimag, Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3899: 1-44.
- Norman DB. 1977. On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. PhD Thesis, King's College London, UK.
- Norman DB. 1980. On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 178: 1-105.
- Norman DB. 1984a. On the cranial morphology and evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 52: 521-547.
- Norman DB. 1984b. A systematic reappraisal of the reptile order Ornithischia. In: Reif W-E, Westphal F, eds. Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Tubingen: Attempto Verlag, 157-162.
- Norman DB. 1986. On the anatomy of Iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 56: 281-372.
- Norman DB. 2000. Professor Richard Owen and the important, but neglected, dinosaur Scelidosaurus harrisonii. Historical Biology 14: 235-253.
- Norman DB. 2001. Scelidosaurus, the earliest complete dinosaur. In: Carpenter K, ed. The armored dinosaurs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 3-24.
- Norman DB. 2020a. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: cranial anatomy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 1-81.
- Norman DB. 2020b. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: postcranial endoskeleton. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 47-157.
- Norman DB. 2020c. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: dermal skeleton. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1-53. doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz085.
- Norman DB, Weishampel DB. 1985. Ornithopod feeding mechanisms: their bearing on the evolution of herbivory. The American Naturalist 126: 151-164.
- Norman DB, Weishampel DB. 1990. Iguanodontidae and related Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H, eds. The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press, 510-533.
- Norman DB, Weishampel DB. 1991. Feeding mechanisms in some small herbivorous dinosaurs: processes and patterns. In: Rayner JMV, Wootton RJ, eds. Biomechanics in evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 161-181.
- Norman DB, Witmer LM, Weishampel DB. 2004. Basal Thyreophora. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H, eds. The Dinosauria, second edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 335-342.
- Norman DB, Butler RJ, Maidment SCR . 2007. Reconsidering the status and affinities of the ornithischian dinosaur Tatisaurus oehleri Simmons, 1965. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150: 865-879.
- Norman DB, Crompton AW, Butler RJ, Porro LB, Charig AJ. 2011. The Lower Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton & Charig, 1962: cranial anatomy, functional morphology, taxonomy and relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 182-276.
- Novas FE. 1996. Dinosaur monophyly. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16: 723-741.
- O'Connor PM, Claessens LAPM. 2005. Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-through ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs. Nature 436: 253-256.
- Osi A, Prondvai E, Mallon J, Bodor ER. 2017. Diversity and convergences in the evolution of feeding adaptations in ankylosaurs (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Historical Biology 29: 539-570.
- Osmolska H. 1985. Antorbital fenestra of archosaurs and its suggested function. In: Dunker HR, Fleischer G, eds. Vertebrate morphology. New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 159-162.
- Ostrom JH. 1961. Cranial morphology of the hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 122: 33-186.
- Ostrom JH. 1969. Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana. Bulletin of the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History 35: 1-165.
- Ostrom JH. 1970. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Big Horn Basin area, Wyoming and Montana. Peabody Museum of Natural History 35: 1-234.
- Ostrom JH. 1976. Archaeopteryx and the origin of birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 8: 91-182.
- Owen R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Part 2. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Plymouth) XI: 60-204.
- Owen R. 1861. Monograph of the fossil Reptilia of the Liassic Formations. A monograph of a fossil dinosaur (Scelidosaurus harrisonii, Owen) of the Lower Lias. Palaeontographical Society Monographs XII: 1-14.
- Owen R. 1863. A monograph of the fossil Reptilia of the Liassic Formations. A monograph of a fossil dinosaur (Scelidosaurus harrisonii, Owen) of the Lower Lias. Part II. Palaeontographical Society Monographs XIII: 1-26.
- Padian K. 1986. On the type material of Coelophysis Cope (Saurischia: Theropoda), and a new specimen from the Petrified Forest of Arizona (Late Triassic: Chinle Formation). In: Padian K, ed. The beginning of the age of dinosaurs: faunal change across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 45-60.
- Padian K. 1989. The presence of the dinosaur Scelidosaurus indicates Jurassic age for Kayenta Formation (Glen Canyon Group, northern Arizona). Geology 17: 438-441.
- Padian K. 2008. Were pterosaur ancestors bipedal or quadrupedal?: morphometric, functional and phylogenetic considerations. Zitteliana B28: 21-33.
- Padian K. 2013. The problem of dinosaur origins: integrating three approaches to the rise of Dinosauria. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103: 423-442.
- Padian K, Olsen PE. 1989. Ratite footprints and the stance and gait of Mesozoic theropods. In: Gillette DD, Lockley MG, eds. Dinosaur tracks and traces. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 231-241.
- Parish JC. 2005. The evolution and palaeobiology of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria). D. Phil Thesis, University of Oxford, UK.
- Parrish JM. 1986. Locomotor adaptations in the hindlimb and pelvis of the Thecodontia. Hunteria 1: 1-35.
- Penkalski P. 2014. A new ankylosaurid from the Late Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, USA. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59: 617-634.
- Penkalski P. 2018. Revised systematics of the armoured dinosaur Euoplocephalus and its allies. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie-Abhandlungen 287: 261-306.
- Pereda Suberbiola X, Galton PM. 2001. Reappraisal of the nodosaurid ankylosaur Struthiosaurus austriacus Bunzel, 1871 from the Upper Cretaceous Gosau Beds of Austria. In: Carpenter K, ed. The armored dinosaurs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 173-210.
- Perry SF. 2001. Functional morphology of the reptilian and avian respiratory systems and its implications for theropod dinosaurs. In: Gauthier J, Gall LF, eds. New perspectives on the origin and early evolution of birds. New Haven: Yale University Press, 429-441.
- Perry SF, Reuter C. 1999. Hypothetical lung structure of Brachiosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) based on functional constraints. Mittheilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 2: 75-79.
- Perry SF, Sander PM. 2004. Reconstructing the evolution of the respiratory apparatus in tetrapods. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 144: 125-139.
- Porro LB,Witmer LM,Barrett PM. 2015. Digital preparation and osteology of the skull of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (Ornithischia: Dinosauria). PeerJ 3: e1494.
- de Queiroz K. 1992. Phylogenetic definitions and taxonomic philosophy. Biology and Philosophy 7: 295-313.
- de Queiroz K, Gauthier JA. 1990. Phylogeny as a central principle in taxonomy. Phylogenetic definitions of taxon names. Systematic Zoology 39: 307-322.
- de Queiroz K, Gauthier JA. 1992. Phylogenetic taxonomy. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics 23: 449-480.
- Rasskin-Gutman D, Buscalioni AD. 2001. Theoretical morphology of the archosaur (Reptilia: Diapsida) pelvic girdle. Paleobiology 27: 59-78.
- Raven TJ,Maidment SCR. 2017. A new phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Palaeontology 60: 401-408.
- ReesPM,ZieglerAM,ValdesPJ.2000.Jurassicphytogeography and climates: new data and model comparisons. In: Huber RT, Macleod KG, Wing SL, eds. Warm climates in Earth history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 297-318.
- Retallack G. 1984. Completeness of the rock and fossil record: some estimates using fossil soils. Paleobiology 10: 59-78.
- Romer AS. 1923a. Crocodilian pelvic muscles and their avian and reptilian homologues. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 48: 533-552.
- Romer AS. 1923b. The pelvic musculature of saurischian dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 48: 605-617.
- Romer AS. 1927a. The development of the thigh musculature of the chick. Journal of Morphology 43: 347-385.
- Romer AS. 1927b. The pelvic musculature of ornithischian dinosaurs. Acta Zoologica 8: 225-275.
- Romer AS. 1933. Vertebrate paleontology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Romer AS. 1944. The development of tetrapod limb musculature - the shoulder region of Lacerta. Journal of Morphology 74: 1-41.
- Romer AS. 1956. Osteology of the reptiles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Romer AS. 1966. Vertebrate paleontology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Romer AS. 1968. Notes and comments on vertebrate paleontology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Romer AS, Parsons TS. 1980. The vertebrate body, 6th edn. London: Saunders College Publishing.
- Russell LS. 1940. Edmontonia rugosidens (Gilmore), an armoured dinosaur from the Belly River Series of Alberta. University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series 43: 3-28.
- Sander PM, Christian A, Clauss M, Fechner R, Gee CT, Griebeler E-M, Gunga H-C, Hummel J, Mallison H, Perry SF,Preuschoft H,Rauhut OWM, Remes H,Tutken T, Wings O, Witzel U. 2011. Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs:the evolution of gigantism. Biological Reviews 86: 117-155.
- Sanderson MJ. 1989. Confidence limits on phylogenies: the bootstrap revisited. Cladistics 5: 113-129.
- Santa Luca AP. 1984. Postcranial remains of Fabrosauridae (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from the Stormberg of South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana 25: 151-180.
- Schachner ER, Hutchinson JR, Farmer CG. 2013a. Pulmonary anatomy in the Nile Crocodile and the evolution of unidirectional airflow in Archosauria. PeerJ 1: e7717.
- Schachner ER, Cieri RL, Butler JP, Farmer CG. 2013b. Unidirectional pulmonary airflow patterns in the savannah monitor lizard. Nature 506: 367-370.
- Schmitz L, Motani R. 2011. Nocturnality in dinosaurs inferred from scleral ring and orbit morphology. Science 332: 705-708.
- Schumacher GH. 1973 . The head muscles and hyolaryngeal skeleton of turtles and crocodilians. In: Gans C, ed. The biology of the reptilia. London: Academic Press, 101-199.
- Seeley HG. 1887 [1888]. On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 43: 165-171.
- Sellers WI, Manning PL. 2007. Estimating dinosaur running speeds using evolutionary robotics. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274: 2711-2716.
- Sereno PC. 1984. The phylogeny of the Ornithischia: a reappraisal. In: Reif W-E, Westphal F, eds. Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Tubingen: Attempto Verlag, 219-226.
- Sereno PC. 1986. Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs. National Geographic Research 2: 234-256.
- Sereno PC. 1991. Lesothosaurus, 'fabrosaurids' and the early evolution of Ornithischia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 234-256.
- Sereno PC. 1999. The evolution of dinosaurs. Science 284: 2137-2147.
- Sereno PC. 2012. Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 225.
- Sereno PC, Dong Z. 1992. The skull of the basal stegosaur Huayangosaurus taibaii. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 318-343.
- Shoaib MB. 2009. Some anatomical studies of the muscles of the antebrachium and manus regions of the eastern gray kangaroo (Macropus giganteus). Journal of Veterinary Anatomy 2: 1-15.
- Simmons DJ. 1965. The non-therapsid reptiles of the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan, China. Fieldiana Geology 15: 1-93.
- Smith AB. 1994. Systematics and the fossil record. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
- Steiner M, Tanner LH. 2014. Magnetostratigraphy and paleopoles of the Kayenta Formation and the Tenney Canyon Tongue. Volumina Jurassica 12: 31-38.
- Sues H-D, ed. 2000. Evolution of herbivory in terrestrial vertebrates: perspectives from the fossil record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Sullivan GE. 1962. Anatomy and embryology of the wing musculature of the domestic fowl (Gallus). Australian Journal of Zoology 10: 458-518.
- Sumrall CD, Brochu CA, Merck JW Jr. 2001. Global lability, regional resolution, and majority rule consensus bias. Paleobiology 27: 254-261.
- Swain T. 1976. Angiosperm-reptile co-evolution. In: Bellairs Ad'A, Cox CB, eds. Morphology and biology of reptiles. London: Academic Press, 107-122.
- Swofford DL. 2002. PAUP* (phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), V.4.0b10. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Inc.
- Swofford DL, Maddison WP. 1992. Parsimony, characterstate reconstructions and evolutionary inferences. In: Mayden RL, ed. Systematics and historical ecology in North American freshwater fishes. Los Angeles: Stanford University Press, 187-223.
- Taylor MA. 1987. How tetrapods feed in water: a functional analysis by paradigm. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 91: 171-195.
- Theis S. 2010. Origin and development of cucullaris/trapeziussternocleidomastoid muscles in birds, mammals and reptiles. Inaugural-Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat: Freiburg im Breisgau.
- Thompson RS, Parish JC, Maidment SCR, Barrett PM. 2012 . Phylogeny of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10: 301-312.
- Thulborn RA. 1970. The skull of Fabrosaurus australis, a Triassic ornithischian dinosaur. Palaeontology 13: 414-432.
- Thulborn RA. 1972. The postcranial skeleton of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Fabrosaurus australis. Palaeontology 15: 29-60.
- Thulborn RA. 1977. Relationships of the Lower Jurassic dinosaur Scelidosaurus harrisonii. Journal of Paleontology 51: 725-739.
- Tumanova TA. 1987. The armored dinosaurs of Mongolia. Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition 32: 1-80. [In Russian]
- UrionaTJ,FarmerCG.2008.Recruitmentofthediaphragmaticus, ischiopubis and other respiratory muscles to control pitch and roll in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Journal of Experimental Biology 211: 1141-1147.
- Vickaryous MK, Hall BK. 2010. Comparative development of the crocodilian interclavicle and avian furcula, with comments on the homology of dermal elements in the pectoral apparatus. Journal of Experimental Zoology (Molecular and Developmental Evolution) 314B: 196-207.
- Vickaryous MK, Russell AP. 2003. A redescription of the skull of Euoplocephalus tutus (Archosauria: Ornithischia): a foundation for comparative and systematic studies of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137: 157-186.
- Vickaryous MK, Russell AP, Currie PJ, Zhao X-J. 2001. A new ankylosaurid (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria) from the Lower CretaceousofChina,withcommentsonankylosaurrelationships. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38: 1767-1780.
- Vickaryous MK, Maryanska T, Weishampel DB. 2004. Ankylosauria. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H, eds. The Dinosauria, 2nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 363-392.
- Watanabe A, Gignac PM, Balanoff AM, Green TL, Kley NJ, Norell MA. 2019. Are endocasts good proxies for brain size and shape in archosaurs throughout ontogeny? Journal of Anatomy 234: 291-305.
- Weishampel DB. 1984. The evolution of jaw mechanisms in ornithopod dinosaurs. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology 87: 1-110.
- Weishampel DB, Norman DB. 1989. Vertebrate herbivory in the Mesozoic: jaws, plants and evolutionary metrics. In: Farlow JO, ed. Paleobiology of dinosaurs. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 238: 87-100.
- White TD. 1973. Catalogue of the genera of dinosaurs. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 44: 117-155.
- Wiersma JP, Irmis RB. 2018. A new southern Laramidian ankylosaurid, Akainacephalus johnsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah. PeerJ 6: e5016.
- Wilkinson M. 2001. TAXEQ3: software and documentation. London: Zoology Department, Natural History Museum.
- Wilkinson M, Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Gower DJ, Benton MJ. 1998. Robust dinosaur phylogeny? Nature 396: 423-424.
- Willis KJ, McElwain JC. 2014. The evolution of plants. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Witmer LM. 1995. The extant phylogenetic bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils. In: Thomason JJ, ed. Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology. New York: Cambridge University Press, 19-33.
- Witmer LM. 1997. The evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs: a study in soft-tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an analysis of the function of pneumaticity. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17: 1-73.
- Witmer LM, Ridgely RC. 2008. The paranasal air sinuses of predatory and armored dinosaurs (Archosauria: Theropoda and Ankylosauria) and their contribution to cephalic structure. Anatomical Record 291: 1362-1388.
- Xu X, Zhonghe Z, Dudley R, Machem S, Chuong C-M, Erickson GM, Varricchio DJ. 2014. An integrative approach to the understanding of bird origins. Science 346: e6215.
- Yates AM, Vasconcelos CC. 2005. Furcula-like clavicles in the prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25: 466-468.
- Zanno L, Gillette DD, Albright LB, Titus A. 2009. A new North American therizinosaurid and the role of herbivory in 'predatory' dinosaur evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276: 3505-3511.
- Zheng W, Jin X, Azuma Y, Wang Q, Miyata K, Xu X. 2018. The most basal ankylosaurine dinosaur from the Albian- Cenomanian of China, with implications for the evolution of the tail club. Scientific Reports 8: 3711.
- Zhou S. 1983. A nearly complete skeleton of a stegosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan. Journal of the Chengdu College of Geology 1983: 15-26. [In Chinese]
- Zhou S. 1984. The Middle Jurassic Dinosaurian fauna from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan, Vol. 2 (Stegosaurs). Chengdu: Sichuan Scientific & Technical Publishing House, 52 + 13 pls. [In Chinese]
- Zou Z, Zhang J. 2016. Morphological and molecular convergences in mammalian phylogenetics. Nature Communications 7: 12758.