FIGURE 2 in A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes)

FIGURE 2. Tree of psittaciform relationships to show rationale we have used for assigning family-group ranks from superfamily to tribe in our recommended classification (see text). The tree is based on Figure 3b in Wright et al. (2008), which was built on a calibration at 82 mya of the basal divergence between New Zealand endemics Nestor and Strigops, here termed the Strigopoidea, and the remaining psittaciforms. Debate over this calibration does not affect the topology of the tree, which most readily conveys the basis for our choice of rankings. The topology has been updated according to Joseph et al. (2011), White et al. (2011) and Schweizer et al. (2011). Superfamily level divergences are indicated by solid circles (●) (note that one divergence event generates at least two taxa), empty circles with unbroken lines (Ο) indicate family level divergences, and circles with broken lines indicate divergences recognized at levels of subfamily. For clarity, divergences into tribes within subfamilies are omitted (see text and Table 1). The box emphasizes agreement in various studies that family level divergences across the phylogeny occurred rapidly.