La "disciplina" filosofia: tra soggezione ed emancipazione

This paper is the result of an online lecture in the frame of the Symposium “Starting from the disciplines”, held by Cidi between January and March 2021. The aim of this work is to present an overview of Philosophy teaching in relation to the Italian school system tradition - particularly from the “scuola gentiliana”- as well as to consider some questions emerged in contemporary pedagogical debate. In this sense, Philosophy has a fundamental role in a school system that still generates social inequality through a way of teaching that forces students into a passive condition by maintaining a separation between those whom are included in the school “habitus” and those whom are excluded from it. However, since its long tradition, Philosophy is characterized by the tool of empowerment: from Montaigne until Danilo Dolci’s “maieutica reciproca”, some essentials concepts arise for full understanding of basic issues in the field of Education such as “motivation”, “skills”, “comprehension” and learning as a tool for search and discovery.