Exotic Exoplanets: Using NASA Exoplanet Archive data and Equilibrium Chemistry to predict an exoplanetary atmosphere with non-spontaneous syntheses of important basic molecules

Although some reactions such as the synthesis of water and carbon dioxide are spontaneous on Earth, there are a large number of exoplanets with atmospheres in which these reactions are nonspontaneous, indicating that they may not normally exist in the atmospheric composition of the exoplanet. Inversely, some reactions such as the synthesis of nitrogen dioxide are nonspontaneous on Earth, but may be spontaneous on an exoplanet. Here I use basic equilibrium chemistry to describe some attributes of possible exoplanets in which methane synthesis is nonspontaneous, in which case carbon may exist as graphite, as well as in an exoplanet with spontaneous ammonia synthesis, in which case important atmospheric processes may differ depending on how nitrogen interacts with other species present in the exoplanetary atmosphere. I cross-reference the average temperatures at which the reactions would have a standard Gibbs Free Energy of formation of 0 kJ/mol with the available equilibrium temperature data for discovered exoplanets and identify possible locations where the discussed reactions may be spontaneous or nonspontaneous.