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Published September 6, 2020 | Version v1
Journal article Open

El origen, las características moleculares, el mecanismo de infección, la evasión de la inmunidad innata y adaptativa frente al SARS-CoV-2, la sintomatología y los marcadores moleculares de la COVID-19

Creators

  • 1. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología. Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
  • 2. Departamento de Posgrado, Universidad Politécnica de Puebla, Puebla, México

Description

RESUMEN

El brote emergente de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causado por el coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) que hasta la fecha se ha propagado por todo el mundo, ha causado preocupación en toda la sociedad, ya que en casos de pacientes críticos se detectó fallo multiorgánico como consecuencia de adquirir una infección por el SARS-CoV-2. Asimismo, a causa de esta emergencia sanitaria, por el alto número de casos y muertes reportadas por COVID-19, los gobiernos de los países donde se ha presentado esta enfermedad, han solicitado a los ciudadanos permanecer en sus hogares para disminuir el contagio. Esta situación ha afectado la vida diaria de la mayoría de los seres humanos por el aislamiento forzoso y, en consecuencia, también a la economía mundial dado que solo las empresas con actividades esenciales han podido continuar en operación. El objetivo de la presente revisión es dar a conocer información del origen del coronavirus emergente, sus características fisiológicas y moleculares, el mecanismo de infección del virus, la relación del SARS-CoV-2 con el receptor ACE2, la respuesta inmune innata y adaptativa del humano y la relación con el síndrome de liberación de citoquinas. También, comparar diversos estudios publicados, con la finalidad de obtener el consenso en la sintomatología presentada en pacientes de gravedad, con la COVID-19, en diversos órganos humanos y la determinación de elementos inmunológicos que se reportan como biomarcadores moleculares para obtener un pronóstico más rápido y eficiente de la respuesta de un paciente con la COVID-19.

 

ABSTRACT

The emerging outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that to date has spread worldwide, has caused concern throughout society, because there were reported cases of COVID-19 critical patients with multiorgan failure as a consequence of acquiring a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Likewise, a cause of this health emergency, due to the high number of cases and deaths reported by COVID-19, the governments of the countries where this disease has occurred, asked citizens to stay in their homes to reduce the transmission. This situation has affected the daily life of the majority of human beings due to isolation due to the current pandemic and consequentlythe world economy has been affected, because only companies with essential activities have been able to continue in operation. This review aims to provide information on the origin of the emerging coronavirus, the physiological and molecular characteristics, the mechanism of virus infection, the relationship of SARS-CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor, the innate and immune response of humans and the relationship with cytokine release syndrome. Also, various published studies were compared to obtain a consensus on the symptoms presented in COVID-19 patients in various human organs and the determination of immunological elements, which are reported as molecular biomarkers to obtain a faster and more efficient prognosis and the response of a COVID-19 patient.

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Additional details

Identifiers

ISSN
2594-0627
URL
https://www.aytbuap.mx/aytbuap-519/el-origen-las-caracter%C3%ADsticas-moleculares-el-mecanismo-de-infecci%C3%B3n
URL
https://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11235/BUAP.05.19.06

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Journal article: https://repositorioinstitucional.buap.mx/handle/20.500.12371/9409 (URL)

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