Biodiversity Literature Repository
Published December 31, 2014 | Version v1
Taxonomic treatment Open

Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel 1766

Creators

Description

Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766)

(Figs 42, 43, 62, 79, 92, 110)

Phalaena ipsilon Hufnagel, 1766b: 416. Type: [Alemania] Berlín region. Destroyed.

Phalaena ypsilon (Hufnagel) typo: Rottenburg, 1776: 141.

Phalaena ypsilon Rottenburg typo and authorship error: Treitschke, 1825: 152 (= A. suffusa).

Phalaena-Noctua upsilon (Hufnagel) typo: Stephens, 1829: 66 (= A. suffusa).

Agrotis ypsilon (Rottenburg) typo and authorship error: Staudinger, 1871: 421; Anonymous a, 1875: 67; Berg, 1882: 280; Meyrick, 1886: 32; Edwards, 1889: 85; Leech, 1889a: 132; Beutenmüller, 1890: 212 (hosts); Butler, 1890: 691; Druce, 1881 –1900: 281; Berg, 1892: 236 (larval cannibalism); Tutt, 1892: 7 (systematic notes); Smith, 1893: 66 (synonymies); Hampson, 1894: 182 (diagnosis); Harvey & Knight, 1897: 79; Coquillett, 1897: 13, 15, 18, 21, 23 (Diptera and Tachinidae parasitoid species); Hudson, 1898: 30; Meyrick, 1899: 143 (collected at Hawaii Islands); Forbes, 1900: 104 (biology); Walsingham & Durrant, 1900: 8; Dyar, 1901: 453 (collected at Florida, USA); Verrill, 1902: 769, fig. 131a, b; Needham, 1903: 25 (sipping nectar from “Acebo común,” Cephalanthus occidentalis L.); Hampson, 1903: 368; Dyar, 1904: 821 (collected at British Columbia, Canada); Hampson, 1905a: 702 (synonymies); Forbes, 1905: 17, 21, 22, 240 (biology); Gibson, 1905: 107; Swezey, 1907: 118 (on Sonchus sp.); Froggatt, 1909: 52 (clover and cotton as hosts); Smith, 1909: 780 –781 (Diptera and Tachinidae parasitoid species); Henninger, 1910: 238; Swezey, 1910: 132 (collected at Hawaii, sugarcane and snuff as hosts); Foaden & Fletcher, 1910: 446 (cotton as host); King, 1911: 95, 132–134 (biology and damages); Davis, 1912: 17; Perkins, 1913: 145 –146 (Agrotis Hawaiian checklist); Swezey, 1913: 234 (collected at Hawaii); Titus, 1914: 151 (damages and treatment); Rothschild, 1914: 319; Holland, 1903: 182, fig. 103; Rothschild, 1915: 230; Anonymous b, 1916: 145 (captured in the cabin of a ship); Jones, 1918: 5 (damages at Louisiana); McAlpine, 1918: 20 (attracted to molasses); Rothschild, 1920: 118; Moore, 1922: 17; Thomson, 1922: 524 (as exotic species at New Zealand); Illingworth, 1923: 278; Ripley, 1923: 179, 280, 281, 285, 302, 314, 317, 320, 321 (larval development and postembryology); Aldrich & Webber, 1924: 24, 88 (Diptera parasitoid species); Anonymous c, 1924: 353 (Berecyntus sp. as parasitoid species); Muesebeck, 1924: 32 (Ichneumonidae parasitoid species); Seitz, 1924: 56, pl. 9, row d (diagnosis); Williams, 1930: 283, 300, 401 (migration and economic importance); Williams, 1941: 62 (relationship between spermatophore and female genitalia); Chiesa Molinari, 1942: 328 –329 (diagnosis and control); Sellers, 1943: 44 (parasitoids); Köhler, 1945: 101 –102, pl. II, figs a, b (male genitalia); Quintanilla, 1946: 404 –405 (diagnosis and control); Hedges, 1949: 75; Pepper et al., 1954: 12 (beetroot as host); Roeder, 1963: 203, figs 2, 4 (ultrasound produced by adult in flight); Artigas, 1972: 7, 11–14 (biology); Moulding & Madenjian, 1979: 138 (sampling in USA oak forests).

Agrotis ypsilon (Hufnagel) typo: Grote, 1875b: 313; Pagenstecher, 1902: 278; Holloway, 1967: 41 (migration).

Peridroma ypsilon (Rottenburg): Butler, 1889: 380 (new combination); Butler, 1890: 691 (corrects the error, mentions that it was a lapsus calami).

Rhyacia ipsilon (Hufnagel): Franssen, 1935: 109 –137 (biology).

Agrotis ypsilon Linnaeus authorship error: Forbes, 1954: 48.

Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel): Linsley & Usinger, 1966: 159 (collected at Galápagos Islands); Hayward, 1969: 42 (hosts); Angulo & Weigert, 1975a: 69 –70, 98, 129, 133, figs 118, 119, 154, 175 (egg, larvae, and pupae); Angulo & Weigert, 1975b: 173 (mimicry of aggression in larvae); Angulo & Quezada, 1975: 117 –124, figs 1, 3, 5, 7 (description of all stages and differences with Agrotis malefida Guenée auct. nec. Agrotis robusta Blanchard); Hayes, 1975: 163, figs 31–32 (diagnosis and collected at Galápagos Islands); Zewadski, 1976: 154 –155 (biology); Linsley, 1977: 29 (collected at Galápagos Islands); Angulo, 1978: 15 –16 (larval behavior); Krombein & Hurd, 1979: 259, 260, 282, 284, 650, 651, 676, 698 (parasitoids); Pautler et al., 1979: 3 –7 (virgin female trap); Kogan & Kuhlman, 1982: 31 (biology); Troester et al., 1982: 1 –33 (USA attack prediction model); Fisher, 1983: 24 (photoperiod related to copulatory changes); Angulo & Jana-Saenz, 1984: 77, 82 (larval integument); Parra et al., 1986: 82, 89–90, 98, 100, figs 41, 80–82 (diagnosis, male genitalia, and key); Godfrey, 1987: 567, Fig. 26.404 (larvae); Carrillo et al., 1988: 34 –35 (biology and collecting curve); Olivares & Angulo, 1989: 24, 25 (head and larval integument); Jana-Sáenz, 1989: 63, 66–68, figs 2, 7, 8, 11 (diagnosis, male genitalia, and key); Poole, 1989: 43 (world noctuid checklist); López, et al., 1990: 3479 –3491 (use of different species pheromone traps at the same time); Salama et al., 1990: 147 –151 (control with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner); Pedgley & Yathom, 1993: 67 –71 (migration in Israel); Showers et al., 1993: 2303 –2314 (migration in USA); Artigas, 1994: 567 –569, pl. 27, fig. 7 (diagnosis, life cycle, biological control, damages, hosts, economic importance, distribution, and international implications); Igarzábal et al., 1994: 103 –104, 123, 125, figs 1, 19, 37, 55, 73, 97–99 (damage, biology, and larval key); McNeil et al., 1995: 282, 284, 286, 287, 296, 298 (migration); Gadenne et al., 1997 (morphology and hybrid communication system of Agrotis ipsilon and A. segetum); Greenslade et al., 1999: 1162, 1163, 1166 (migration to Subantarctic Island); Beshkov & Goater, 2000: 42 (attracted by aphids secretions); Koch & Waterhouse, 2000: 24, 51, 53, 55, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 71, 76, 86, 98, 119, 121, 123, 125, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 141, 146, 158, 172, 196, 198, 201, 224 (agricultural and forestry importance); Angulo & Olivares, 2001: 56 (pupa key); Carrillo et al., 2001: 28 (winter larvae at Valdivia, Chile); Fullard, 2001: 1376, 1378 (auditory system response to a Hawaiian species of bat); Silvegren, 2003: 24, 27, 28, 31–33 (pheromone production); Lafontaine, 2004: 250 –251, fig. 136, pl. L, figs 36–38, pl. 34, fig. 6, lam 50, fig. 4 (larval and adult diagnosis); Pastrana, 2004: 156 –157 (hosts); Specht et al., 2004: 400; Angulo & Olivares, 2005: 138 (diagnosis, genitalia of both sexes, and hosts); Specht et al., 2005: 136 (collected at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil); Angulo et al., 2006: 556 (immature stages on a high altitude salar); Capinera, 2006: 1 –5 (diagnosis, life cycle, and control); Pogue, 2006: 3, 13, 19, 20, 67, fig. 9, map 6 (diagnosis and distribution); Carrero & Planes, 2008: 284 (biology); Wood et al., 2009: 532 (migration); San Blas & Barrionuevo, 2013: 1157, figs 3A–3D (differences with A. malefida and A. robusta).

Agrostis ypsilon (Rottenburg) generic and specific typo and authorship error: Ortiz Romero & Zanabria, 1979: 122 (pest); Giménez, 1988: 81 (sunflower as host).

Agrostis ipsilon (Hufnagel) generic typo: Reyes Vaca, 1988: 106 (sunflower as host).

Noctua suffusa [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775: 80. Type: [Austria] Región de Viena. Destroyed.

Agrotis suffusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller]): Treitschke, 1825: 152; Stephens, 1829: 66; Boisduval & Guenée, 1852: 268 –269; Stephens, 1856: 65; Staudinger, 1871: 421 (= A. ypsilon Rottenburg); Butler, 1874: 33 (collected at New Zealand); Grote, 1874: 135; Grote, 1875a: 193; Butler, 1877: 383; Butler, 1882: 126; Butler, 1883: 160 (collected at India); Meyrick, 1886: 32; Cotes & Swinhoe, 1888: 309 (collected at India); Leech, 1889a: 132; Leech, 1889b: 499 (collected at Japan and Korea); Poole, 1989: 57 (= A. ipsilon Hufnagel).

Phalaena Bombyx idonea Cramer, 1780: 150, pl. 275, fig. h; Cotes & Swinhoe, 1888: 309 (= A. suffusa). Type: [USA] New York. Unknown location.

Agrotis idonea (Cramer): Boisduval & Guenée, 1852: 269 (as a variety of A. suffusa); Poole, 1989: 49 (= A. ipsilon Hufnagel).

Bombyx spinula Esper, 1786: pl. 63, figs 6, 7; Treitschke, 1825: 152 (= A. suffusa); Stephens, 1829: 66 (= A. suffusa); Godart et al., 1837: 255 (= N. suffusa); Druce, 1881 –1900: 281 (= A. ypsilon Rottenburg); Poole, 1989: 56 (= A. ipsilon Hufnagel). Type: type designation not mentioned.

Phalaena Bombyx spinifera Villers, 1789: 174; Stephens, 1829: 66 (= A. suffusa); Godart et al., 1837: 255 (= N. suffusa). Type: France. Unknown location.

Noctua spinifera (Villers): Treitschke, 1825: 152 (= A. suffusa); Stephens, 1829: 66 (= A. suffusa).

Agrotis spinifera (Villers): Treitschke, 1827: 382 –383; Stephens, 1829: 66 (= A. suffusa); Poole, 1989: 56 (= A. ipsilon Hufnagel).

Phalaena spinula Donovan, 1801: 52, pl. 345, figs 2–3; Poole, 1989: 56 (new homonym of Bombyx spinula Esper). Junior secondary homonym of Bombyx spinula Esper. Type: type designation not mentioned.

Agrotis telifera Harris, 1841: 323; Riley, 1869: 80 (redescription, stages, and economic importance); Grote, 1874: 135 (= A. suffusa); Grote, 1875a: 193 (= A. suffusa); Grote, 1875b: 313 (= A. ypsilon Hufnagel); Saunders et al., 1880: 40 (diagnosis of larvae and adult); Treat, 1882: 65 (damages); Druce, 1881 –1900: 281 (= A. ypsilon Rottenburg). Poole, 1989: 57 (= A. ipsilon Hufnagel, junior secondary homonym of Agrotis telifera Donzel, 1837). Type: [USA] Massachusetts. Lafontaine (2004) mentions that it is likely to be found at MCZ, but it has not yet been found.

Noctua robusta of authors, not Blanchard, 1852: 75; Berg, 1882: 280 (= A. ypsilon Rottenburg); Butler, 1882: 126 (= A. suffusa). See Agrotis robusta.

Agrotis bipars Walker, (1857) 1856: 334; Leech, 1889a: 378; Druce, 1881 –1900: 281 (= A. ypsilon Rottenburg); Poole, 1989: 45 (= A. ipsilon Hufnagel). Holotype: ♀ Venezuela (BMNH). Image examined.

Agrotis consueta Walker, (1857) 1856: 334; Butler, 1882: 126 (= A. hostilis Walker in part and = A. bipars Walker in part); Butler, 1889: 378 (= Agrotis bipars); Hampson, 1903: 353 (= Feltia malefida (Guenée)). See Agrotis malefida.

Agrotis frivola Wallengren, 1860: 169; Berg, 1882: 280 (= A. ypsilon Rottenburg); Poole, 1989: 48 (= A. ipsilon Hufnagel). Type: ♂ [Uruguay] Montevideo (NRS). Not examined.

Noctua aneituma Walker, 1865a: 701. Type: ♂ Nuevas Hébridas (BMNH). Image examined.

Agrotis aneituma (Walker): Butler, 1889: 376 (= Agrotis munda Walker); Walsingham & Durrant, 1900: 7 –8 (= Agrotis munda Walker); Hampson, 1903: 164 (= Euxoa infusa (Boisduval)); Poole, 1989: 43 (world noctuid checklist); Lafontaine, 2004: 250 –251 (= A. ipsilon Hufnagel).

Agrotis ipsilon aneituma (Walker): Holloway, 1977: 55, 60, 143, 157, 177, 201, 220, 208, 209, 214,217, 218, 242, 274 (diagnosis, biology, and migration); Common, 1990: 55, 64, 467, 485 (brief diagnosis, ectoparasites, and hosts).

Agrotis suffusa var. pepoli Bertoloni, 1874: 139; Hampson, 1903: 368 (= A. ypsilon Rottenburg); Poole, 1989: 53 (= A. ipsilon Hufnagel). Type: Bondeno, Italy. Unknown location.

Diagnosis. Agrotis ipsilon differs from other South American species of Agrotis by the following combination of characters: 1) male antenna bipectinate, widest segment 3 × as wide as central shaft, abruptly tapered at 3/4 its length; 2) forewing area between wing base and postmedial line darker than ground color, in some specimens as dark diffuse flecks; 3) reniform spot distal margin with a sharp streak extending between M1–M2 veins, reaching postmedial line; 4) in male genitalia uncus slightly curved, narrowed to the apex; 5) vesica with right basal diverticulum absent; 6) in female genitalia appendix bursae 1.5–2 × as long as corpus bursae; and 7) corpus bursae with one signum.

Redescription. Male (Fig. 42). Head. Palpus whitish ventrally; frons smooth, central projection and raised edge absent. Antenna basal 2/3 bipectinate, widest at 1/5 its length, abruptly tapered at 3/4 its length, widest segment 3 × as wide as central shaft, anterior process 4 × as wide as posterior process. Thorax. Patagium with brown postbasal line and black medial line; tegulum without lines. Forewing length 16.2–19.5 mm; ground color grayish brown, area between wing base and postmedial line darker than ground color, in some specimens as dark diffuse flecks; subcostal band dark grayish brown; basal area undifferentiated; basal line undifferentiated; antemedial line black, double, convex between veins, extended as a short sharp tooth between 1A+2A vein and posterior margin, never close to medial line; claviform spot concolorous with ground color, black edged; orbicular spot strongly oval, extending toward reniform spot, rarely contiguous with reniform spot, grayish brown, black edged with grayish center, some specimens with orbicular spot concolorous with subcostal band, slightly differentiated by black edge; reniform spot concolorous with orbicular spot, distal margin with a sharp streak extending between M1–M2 veins to postmedial line; discal cell concolorous with ground color, some specimens with a black streak of variable width joining both spots; medial line differentiated in light specimens as a dark thick waved band; postmedial line black, double, concave between veins; subterminal line light brown and black edged, strongly concave between veins, extended basally as arrows, longest ones placed between M1–M2–M3 veins, in some specimens the first arrow joined with reniform streak like one continuous line; terminal line a series of darkish lunulae between veins; fringe concolorous with forewing ground color with dark transverse lines at veins apex. Hind wing iridescent, with light brown veins in lighter specimens and distal margin grayish brown on darker specimens; fringe iridescent, dark at apex of veins. Abdomen. Light grayish brown with dark dorsal line. Genitalia (Fig. 62). Uncus slightly curved, narrowed to the apex, spine-like ended. Clavus slightly sclerotized, cylindrical, short, 2 × as long as wide. Ampulla 1/5 × as long as valve, basal half expanded, then narrowed to half its widest diameter. Vesica (Fig. 79) 6 × as long as aedeagus, consisting of 1 1/2 wide loop, right basal diverticulum absent, basal spined band present, vesica swollen in apical 1/7, in some specimens it duplicates minor diameter. Female (Fig. 43). Differences from male. Forewing length: 15.4–20.6 mm; antenna filiform; forewing uniformly dark grayish brown between wing base and postmedial line; hind wing hyaline diffuse grayish brown on veins and margins. Genitalia (Fig. 92). Posterior apophysis 1.5 × as long as anterior apophysis; ductus bursae 2 × as long as anterior apophysis; corpus bursae 12 × as long as anterior apophysis, with one signum, apex globose; appendix bursae 1.5–2 × as long as corpus bursae, consisting of one wide loop, apex globose; ductus seminalis originating laterally near corpus bursae apex.

Biology. For Argentina and Chile there are several works that treat the biology of this species. Carrillo et al. (1988) describes the biology with temporal distribution and abundance for Chile. Angulo et al. (1990) and Angulo & Olivares (2005) give keys to larvae and adults. Igarzábal et al. (1994) do something similar but from the viewpoint of their economic importance to Argentina. Lafontaine (2004) makes a larval diagnosis.

Parasitoids. The following list parasitoids for A. ipsilon: Harvey & Knight (1897), Smith (1909), Aldrich & Webber (1924), Muesebeck (1924), Sellers (1943), Krombein & Hurd (1979), and Common (1990). Artigas (1994) lists the following parasitoids: HYMENOPTERA. Braconidae: Apanteles bourquini Blanchard, Macrocentrus collaris Spinola, Meteorus rubens Nees. Ichneumonidae: Amblyteles sp., Ophion sp. DIPTERA. Tachinidae: Archytas cirphis Curran, Bonnetia comta (Fallen), Carcelia formosa (Aldrich & Webber), Chaetogaeclia montícola (Bigot), Eucelatoria armigera (Coquillet), Euphorocera claripennis (Macquart), Gonia longipulvilli Tothill, Gonia sequax Williston, Lespesia archippivora (Riley), Madremyia saundersii (Williston), Sisyropa eudryae (Townsend), Tachinomyia panaetius (Walker), Prosopochaeta fidelis (Reinhard).

Hosts. Angulo et al. (1990) and Angulo & Olivares (2005) cite economically important hosts. Artigas (1994) and Pastrana (2004) give a list of cited hosts for Argentina. Some economically important hosts are: chard, peppers, alfalfa, cotton, celery, oats, broccoli, onions, cereals including corn, cauliflower, chrysanthemum, crucifers, dahlia, asparagus, raspberries, strawberries, lettuce, peanuts, melons, potatoes, paprika, pine (roots), beet, cabbage, watermelon, snuff, tomato, clover, wheat, carrots, squash, etc. (Artigas, 1994; Pastrana, 2004) There are several works on hosts for other parts of the World: Beutenmüller (1890), Froggatt (1909), Swezey (1910), Foaden & Fletcher (1910), King (1911), Pepper et al. (1954), Riley (1869), and Common (1990).

Distribution. Worldwide distribution, except Poles (Fig. 110).

Material examined. (28 ♂, 24 ♀). ARGENTINA: Córdoba. Córdoba, ♂ 23-X-1947 (F.P. López) (IMLA). Mendoza. Las Heras, Reserva Villavicencio, 1265m, 2 ♂ 3 ♀ 22-XI-2007 (GSB) (IADIZA); Santa Rosa, Reserva Ñacuñán, 561m, 2 ♀ 9-IX-2006 (GSB & E. Ruiz Manzanos) (IADIZA); Las Heras, Tambillos, 2462m, ♂ 11-XII- 2007 (GSB & E. Scheibler) (IADIZA). Neuquén. Pucará, 707m, ♂ XII-1959 (Orrow) (IADIZA). Río Negro. Cipolletti, El Cuy, ♂ 13-XI-1965 (IMLA). Salta. 2 km N Cafayate, 1585m, ♂ 24-XI-2006 (GSB & E. Ruiz Manzanos) (IADIZA); El Galpón, ♂ ♀ 15-IX-1966 (IMLA). Tucumán. Trancas, La Higuera, ♂ ♀ 8-XI-1966 (Köhler) (IMLA). BERMUDA: Botanical Gardens Paget, ♂ 8-XI-1987 (D.J. Hilburn) (USNM); Brighton Hill, Devonshire Park, ♀ 12-III-1988 (D.C. Ferguson) (USNM); Spittal Pond Nature Reserve, Smith’s Parish, 2 ♀ 18- III-1988 (D.C. Ferguson) (USNM). BOLIVIA: Cochabamba. El Limbo, ♀ (IMLA). CANADA: Labrador. Hopedale, 4 ♂ 5 ♀ 24–30-X (USNM). New Foundland. Gros Morne National Park near Rocky Harbour, 2 ♂ 12- VII-1983 (D.C. Ferguson) (USNM). CHILE. Metropolitan region. Santiago, La Granja, 600m, 3 ♂ 16-IV-1969 (IMLA). COLOMBIA: La Estrella. Antioquia, 1800m, ♀ (IMLA). Cundinamarca. Moterredondo, 1420m, ♀ (IMLA). ECUADOR. Tungurahua. Baños de Agua Santa Cascadas de Río chico, ♂ ♀ 27-I-1976 (Spangler) (IADIZA). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Arizona. Maricopa, Chandler, ♂ 16-IV-1978 (V.M. Ford) (USNM), ♂ 19-IV-1978 (V.M. Ford) (USNM); Mohave, Pierce Ferry, 366m, 3 ♂ 5–7-V-1967 (D.R. Davis) (USNM). Maryland. Prince George's, Temple Hills, 84m, ♀ 19-XII-1975 (G.F. Hevel) (IADIZA), ♂ 1-IX-1974 (G.F. Hevel) (IADIZA). MEXICO: Chiapas. San Cristobal de las Casas, 7200 ft., ♂ 6-V-1969 (J.E.H. Martin) (CNC); ♀ 27-VII- 1969 (D. Kritsch) (CNC). PERU. Huánuco. Tingo María, 610m, ♀ (Weyrauch) (IMLA). SRI LANKA. Badulla. Ella Resthouse, 1130m, ♂ 17–20-XI-1974 (C. Gans, P. Fernando & S. Farook) (IADIZA). Kandy. NE Dist. Kandy, Ela, 2100m, ♀ 31-V-2-VI-1976 (K.V. Krombein, S. Karunaratne & D.W. Balasooriya) (IADIZA). SOUTH AFRICA. Cape town. Ravens Wood, Keiskama River, nr. Rt. N2 Bridge, 125m, ♀ 5-III-1978 (D. & M. Davis & B. Akebergs) (IADIZA). Data from bibliographical sources. BRAZIL. Río Grande do Sul. Guarani das Missões; Pelotas (Specht et al., 2004); Reserva Biológica do Ibirapuitã (Specht et al., 2005); Parque Estadual de Rondinha (Specht et al., 2005). CHILE: Easter Island. (Angulo & Olivares, 2005). ECUADOR: Islas Galápagos (Linsley & Usinger, 1966).

Discussion. Agrotis ipsilon is confused in several works with A. robusta and A. consueta (= A. malefida), but it can be differentiated by: 1) forewing area between wing base and postmedial line darker than ground color and 2) patagium and tegulum concolorous with thorax.

Notes

Published as part of Blas, Germán San, 2014, Agrotis Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): a systematic analysis of South American species, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3771 (1) on pages 47-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3771.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/285634

Files

Files (21.9 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:60c204acf299e65235c31141e0016157
21.9 kB Download

System files (172.8 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:e8957eb5e57cb9c3f148db7add989d7a
172.8 kB Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

URL
http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3FD57FFC5FF8758C0FA72FD24FF59

Cites
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.285642 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.3874165 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.285646 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.3874171 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.3874177 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2254ED3CBF7FFFC25A77FA6736504C68 (URL)
Is part of
Journal article: 10.11646/zootaxa.3771.1.1 (DOI)
Journal article: http://zenodo.org/record/285634 (URL)
Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFCA852FFFEBFFB55857FFF6FF94FFA1 (URL)
Journal article: http://zoobank.org/7C4129A9-DE4F-4CAE-AD88-EE14195A3E64 (URL)
Is source of
https://sibils.text-analytics.ch/search/collections/plazi/03F3FD57FFC5FF8758C0FA72FD24FF59 (URL)

Biodiversity

Family
Noctuidae
Genus
Agrotis
Kingdom
Animalia
Order
Lepidoptera
Phylum
Arthropoda
Scientific name authorship
Hufnagel
Species
ipsilon
Taxon rank
species
Taxonomic concept label
Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel, 1766 sec. Blas, 2014

References

  • Hufnagel, J. S. (1766 b) Forsetzung der tabelle von de nachtvogein. IV. Fortsetzung der dierten tabelle von de Insecten, besonders von denen so genannten nacheulen als der zwoten klasse. Der nachvogel hiesiger gegend. Berlinisches Magazin, 3 (4), 393 - 426.
  • Rottenburg, S. A. (1776) Anmerkungen zu den Hufnagelischen Tabellen der Schmetterlinge. Der Naturforscher, 9, 111 - 144.
  • Treitschke, G. F. (1825) Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. Band 5 - 1. Fleischer, Leipzig, 414 pp.
  • Stephens, J. F. (1829) A systematic catalogue of British insects: being an attempt to arrange all the hitherto discovered indigenous insects in accordance with their natural affinities II. Baldwin & Cradock, London, 388 pp.
  • Staudinger, O. (1871) Catalogue der lepidopteren des Europaeischen faunengebiets. Hermann Burdach, Dresde, 421 pp.
  • Berg, C. (1882) Analecta lepidopterologica. Contribuciones al estudio de la fauna de la republica Argentina y otros paises americanos. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 14, 275 - 288.
  • Meyrick, E. (1886) Monograph of New Zealand Noctuinae. Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 19, 3 - 40.
  • Edwards, H. (1889) Bibliographical catalogue of the described transformations of North American Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 35, 11 - 147. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.35
  • Leech, J. H. (1889 a) On a collection of Lepidoptera from Kiukiang. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London for the year 1889, 37 (1), 99 - 148, pls. 7 - 9.
  • Beutenmuller, W. (1890) Catalogue of Lepidoptera found within fifty miles of New York City, with their food-plants. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 5, 199 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1890. tb 57004. x
  • Butler, A. G. (1890) Further notes on the synonymy of the genera of Noctuites. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 38 (4), 653 - 691. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1890. tb 03033. x
  • Druce, H. (1881 - 1900) Insecta. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Vol. I (texto). In: Godman, F. C. & Salvin, O. (Eds.). Biologia centrali-Americana. Vol. 37. Taylor & Francis, London, 1 - 622.
  • Berg, C. (1892) Canibalismo entre insectos. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 5 (34), 236 - 238.
  • Tutt, J. W. (1892) The British Noctuae and their varieties. Vol. e 2. Swan, Sonnenschein & Co., London, 110 pp.
  • Smith, J. B. (1893) A catalogue, bibliographical and synonymical, of the species of moths of the lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae found in Boreal America. Goverment printing office, Washington, 424 pp.
  • Hampson, G. F. (1894) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths. Vol. II. Taylor and Francis, London, 609 pp.
  • Harvey, F. L. & Knight, O. W. (1897) Insects collected at Jackman, Maine. PSYCHE, 8 (254), 77 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1897 / 76037
  • Coquillett, D. W. (1897) Revision of the Tachinidae of America North of Mexico. A family of parasitic two-winged insects. Goverment printing, Washington, 647 pp.
  • Hudson, G. V. (1898) New Zealand moths and butterflies (Macro-lepidoptera). West, Newman & Co., London, 144 pp., 13 pls.
  • Meyrick, E. (1899) Fauna Hawaiiensis. Vol. I. Part II. Macrolepidoptera. University press, Cambridge, pp. 123 - 275, 5 plates.
  • Forbes, S. A. (1900) Twenty-first report of the state entomologist on the noxious and benefical insects of the state of Illinois. Hack & Anderson, Chicago, 184 pp.
  • Walsingham, L. & Durrant, J. H. (1900) Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the Oxford University Museum. Part II, Noctuina, Geometrina and Pyralidina by Colonel C. Swinhoe; Pterophoridae and Tineina by the Right Hon. Lord Walsingham, and John Hartley Durrant. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 630 pp, pls. 1 - 8.
  • Dyar, H. G. (1901) Notes on the winter lepidoptera of Lake Worth, Florida. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 4, 446 - 485.
  • Verrill, A. E. (1902) The Bermuda Islands: Their Scenery, Climate, Productions, Physiography, Natural History, and Geology; with sketches of their early history and the changes due to man. Part III: Changes in the Flora and Fauna due to Man, with a Sketch of the Discovery and Early History. Introduction of insects. Lepidoptera (Butterflies; Moths). Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11 (2), 756 - 781.
  • Needham, J. G. (1903) Button-bush insects. PSYCHE, 10, 22 - 31. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1903 / 90412
  • Hampson, G. F. (1903) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Volume 4. Taylor and Francis, London, 689 pp.
  • Dyar, H. G. (1904) The Lepidoptera of the Kootenai district of British Columbia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 27 (1376), 779 - 938. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.27 - 1376.779
  • Hampson, G. F. (1905 a) The moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in " The fauna of British India. " Series III. Part III. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16, 700 - 719.
  • Forbes, S. A. (1905) Twenty-third report of the state entomologist on the noxious and benefical insects of the state of Illinois. R. R. Donnelley & Sons, Chicago, 273 pp.
  • Gibson, A. (1905) Injurious insects of the flower garden. Thirty-sixth annula report of the Entomological Society of Ontario 1905, 105 - 122.
  • Swezey, O. H. (1907) Observations on recent Swarms of caterpillars at Kaimuki. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1 (4), 118 - 119.
  • Froggatt, W. W. (1909) Report on parasitic and injurious insects. Goverment printer, Sydney, 115 pp.
  • Smith, J. B. (1909) The insects of New Jersey. MacCrellish & Quigley State Printers, Trenton, pp 702 - 814.
  • Henninger, W. F. (1910) The macro-lepidoptera of Seneca County, Ohio. The Ohio Naturalist, 11 (2), 233 - 242.
  • Swezey, O. H. (1910) The feeding habits of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (3), 131 - 143.
  • Foaden, G. P. & Fletcher, F. (1910) The agricultural development of Egypt. Nature, 8 (2188), 445 - 446.
  • King, H. H. (1911) Report of the entomological section. In: Balfour, A. (Ed.), Fourth report of the Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories at the Gordon Memorial College Khartoum. Volume B. General Science. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox., London, pp. 96 - 150.
  • Davis, W. T. (1912) List of the macrolepidoptera of Staten Island, New York. Proceedings of the Staten Island association of Arts and Sciences, 3, 1 - 30.
  • Perkins, R. C. L. (1913) Introduction. Being a review of the land-fauna of Hawaii. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.) Fauna Hawaiiensis of the zoology of the Sandwich (Hawaiian) isles. Vol. I Part VI. University press, Cambridge, pp. 15 - 228.
  • Swezey, O. H. (1913) Kilauea moths. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 233 - 237.
  • Titus, E. S. G. (1914) Important injurious insects and diseases affecting field and garden crops, fruits and garden crops, fruits and shade trees. In: MacGerald, W. (Ed.), Practical farming and gardening or money saving methods in farming, gardening, fruit growing, also horse, cattle, sheep, hog and poultry raising. The S. A. Mullikin Co., Ohio, pp. 137 - 206.
  • Rothschild, W. (1914) A preliminary account of the Lepidopterous fauna of Guelt-es-Stel. Central Algeria. Novitates Zoologicae, 21, 299 - 357.
  • Holland, W. J. (1903) The moth book. A popular guide to a knowledge of the moths of North America. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York, 479 pp.
  • Rothschild, W. (1915) Lepidoptera of the M'Zab Country, South Algeria, collected by Dr. Ernest Hartert and Carl Hilgert in 1914. Novitates Zoologicae, 22, 228 - 243.
  • Jones, T. H. (1918) Insects injurious to the globe artichoke in Louisiana. Bulletin of the Unites States Department of Agriculture, 703, 1 - 5, 3 pls.
  • McAlpine, W. S. (1918) A collection of lepidoptera from White-Fish Point, Michigan. Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 54, 2 - 26.
  • Rothschild, W. (1920) Supplemental notes to Mr. Charles Oberthur Faune des Lepidopteres de la Barbarie, with lists of the specimens in the Tring museum (Plates XIV-XVII). Novitates Zoologicae, 27, 1 - 127.
  • Moore, S. (1922) A list of Northern Michigan Lepidoptera. Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 114, 2 - 28.
  • Thomson, H. G. M. (1922) The naturalisation of animals & plants in New Zealand. Cambridge University press, London, 607 pp.
  • Illingworth, J. F. (1923) A list with notes of the insects found on the Parker Ranch, June, 1922. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 5 (2), 277 - 279.
  • Ripley, L. R. (1923) The external morphology and postembryology of noctuid larvae. Illinois biological monographs, 8 (4), 1 - 103, 8 plates.
  • Aldrich, J. M. & Webber, R. T. (1924) The North American species of parasitic two-winged flies belonging to the genus Phorocera and allied genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 63 (2486), 1 - 90. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.63 - 2486.1
  • Muesebeck, C. F. W. (1924) A revision of the North American Species of Ichneumon-flies belonging to the genus Meteorus Haliday. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36 (2470), 1 - 44. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.63 - 2470.1
  • Williams, C. B. (1930) The Migration of Butterflies. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, 473 pp.
  • Williams, J. L. (1941) The relations of the spermatophore to the female reproductive ducts in Lepidoptera. Entomological news, 52 (3), 61 - 65, plate I.
  • Chiesa Molinari, O. (1942) Entomologia Agricola. Talleres Graficos D' Accurzio, Mendoza, Argentina, 517 pp.
  • Sellers, W. F. (1943) The Neartic species of parasitic flies belonging to Zenillia and allied genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 93 (3157), 1 - 108. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.3157
  • Kohler, P. E. (1945) Los Noctuidae argentinos. Subfamilia Agrotinae. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 3, 59 - 134.
  • Quintanilla, R. H. (1946) Zoologia Agricola. Libreria El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, 74 pp.
  • Hedges, A. V. (1949) Technique of breeding lepidoptera. Proceedings and Transactions of the South London 1947 - 1948, 74 - 81.
  • Pepper, J. H., Roemhild, G. R. & Graham, L. N. (1954) Montana insect pests, 1953 and 1954. Thirty-fifth report of the state entomologist, Montana, 27 pp.
  • Roeder, K. D. (1963) Echoes of ultrasonic pulses from flying moths. The biological bulletin, 124 (2), 200 - 209.
  • Artigas, J. N. (1972) Ritmos poblacionales en lepidopteros de interes agricola para Chile. Boletin de la sociedad de biologia de concepcion, 45, 5 - 94.
  • Moulding, J. D. & Madenjian, J. J. (1979) Macrolepidopteran moths light-trappein a New Jersey oak forest (Lepidoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 81 (1), 135 - 144.
  • Grote, A. R. (1875 b) On allied species of Noctuidae inhabiting Europe and North America (Second paper). Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 2, 313 - 314.
  • Pagenstecher, A. (1902) Die arktische Lepidopterenfauna. In: Romer, F. & Schaudinn, F. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Band II. G. Fischer, Jena, pp. 197 - 400.
  • Holloway, J. D. (1967) Studies and suggestions on the behavior of moths at light. Proceedings and transactions of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society 1967, part 2, 31 - 62.
  • Butler, A. G. (1889) Synonymic notes on the moths of the earlier genera of Noctuites. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 37, 375 - 387. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1889. tb 02331. x
  • Franssen, C. J. H. (1935) De biologie van de zwartbruine aardrups (Rhyacia ipsilon HUFN.) en haar biologische bestrijding in her Sengkaugsche Merengebied (Zuid-. Celebes). Landouw Buitenz, 10, 109 - 137.
  • Forbes, W. T. M. (1954) Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part III. Noctuidae. Memoirs of Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 329, 1 - 433.
  • Linsley, E. G. & Usinger, R. L. (1966) Insects of the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 th series (33), 113 - 196.
  • Hayward, K. J. (1969) Datos para el estudio de la Ontogenia de Lepidopteros Argentinos. Miscelanea Fundacion Miguel Lillo, 31, 1 - 142.
  • Angulo, A. O. & Weigert, G. T. H. (1975 a) Estados inmaduros de lepidopteros noctuidos de importancia economica en Chile y claves para su determinacion (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, Special publication No. 2, Chile, 153 pp.
  • Angulo, A. O. & Weigert, G. T. H. (1975 b) Mimetismo y homocronismo larval en noctuidos chilenos (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 49, 171 - 175.
  • Angulo, A. O. & Quezada, A. E. (1975) Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) y Feltia malefida (Guenee): aspectos ecologicos y evolutivos de dos especies de noctuidos similares en el mundo (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 49, 117 - 124.
  • Hayes, A. H. (1975) The larger moths of the Galapagos Islands (Geometroidea; Sphingoidea & Noctuoidea). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 th ser (nº 40), 145 - 208.
  • Zewadski, R. M. (1976) Predicting black cutworm development. The Illinois natural history survey reports, 161, 154 - 155.
  • Linsley, E. G. (1977) Insects of the Galapagos (Supplement). Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 125, 1 - 50.
  • Angulo, A. O. (1978) Las fases geobionticas en los lepidopteros noctuidos (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Medio Ambiente, 3, 14 - 19.
  • Krombein, K. V. & Hurd Jr., P. D. (1979) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 1198 pp.
  • Pautler, L., Ruesink, W. G., Hummel, H. E. & Luckmann, W. H. (1979) Monitoring the seasonal appearance and density of the black cutworm with a virgin female trap. Biological notes, 111, 3 - 7.
  • Kogan, M. & Kuhlman, D. E. (1982) Soybean insects: Identification and management in Illinois. Bulletin of the Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Illinois, 773, 58 pp.
  • Troester, S. J., Ruesink, W. G. & Rings, R. W. (1982) A model of black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) development description, uses and implications. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1982, 774, 1 - 33.
  • Fisher, W. R. (1983) Quality control of mass-reared lepidoptera using the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) as a model. Doctor of philosophy dissertation presented to University of Florida, 172 pp.
  • Angulo, A. O. & Jana-Saenz, C. (1984) Morfofuncionalidad en larvas de lepidopteros. Gayana Zoologica, 48, 75 - 91.
  • Parra, L. E., Angulo, A. O. & Jana-Saenz, C. (1986) Lepidopteros de importancia agricola: clave practica para su reconocimiento en Chile (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Gayana. Zoologia, 50 (1 - 4), 81 - 116.
  • Godfrey, G. L. (1987) Noctuidae (Noctuoidea). In: Stehr, F. W. (Ed.), Immature insects. Vol. I. Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, pp. 549 - 578.
  • Carrillo, R., Norambuena, H., Rebolledo, R. & Mundaca, N. (1988) Vuelo y abundancia estacional de cuatro especies de Noctuinae en la IX y X regiones, Chile: primeros dos anos de observaciones. Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 16, 33 - 39.
  • Olivares, T. S. & Angulo, A. O. (1989) Adaptaciones cefalicas y corporales en gusanos cortadores (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Comunicaciones del Museo Regional de Concepcion, 3, 23 - 26.
  • Jana-Saenz, C. (1989) Las especies del genero Agrotis Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) de importancia agricola en Chile. Gayana Zoologica, 53, 63 - 71.
  • Poole, R. W. (1989) Lepidopterorum Catalogus (new series). Fascicle 118. Noctuidae. Part 1 - 3. E. J. Brill / Flora & Fauna Publications, Leiden, New York, Kobenhavn, Koln, 1314 pp.
  • Lopez, J. D. Jr., Shaver, T. N. & Goodenough, J. L. (1990) Multispecies trapping of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, Pseudaletia unipuncta, and Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 16, 3479 - 3491. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00982112
  • Salama, H. S., Salem, S., Zagl, F. N. & Matter, M. (1990) Control of Agrotis ypsilon (Hufn.) (Lep., Noctuidae) on some vegetable crops in Egypt using the microbial agent Bacillus thuringiensis. Anzeiger fur Schaedlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz, 63, 147 - 151.
  • Pedgley, D. E. & Yathom, S. (1993) Windborne moth migration over the Middle East. Ecological entomology, 18, 67 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1993. tb 01081. x
  • Showers, W. B., Keaster, J. A., Raulston, J. R., Hendrix III, W. H., Derrick, M. E., McCorcle, M. D., Robinson, J. F., Way, M. O., Wallendorf, M. J. & Goodenough, J. L. (1993) Mechanism of southward migration of a noctuid moth [Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel)]: a complete migrant. Ecology, 74, 2303 - 2314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1939583
  • Artigas, J. N. (1994) Entomologia Economica. Insectos de interes agricola, forestal, medico y veterinario (nativos, introducidos o susceptibles de ser introducidos). Vol. II. Ediciones de la Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile, 493 pp.
  • Igarzabal, D., Fichetti, P. & Tognelli, M. (1994) Claves practicas para la identificacion de larvas de Lepidoptera en cultivos de importancia agricola en Cordoba (Argentina). Gayana Zoologica, 58, 99 - 142.
  • McNeil, J. N., Cusson, M., Delisle, J., Orchard, I. & Tobe, S. S. (1995) Physiological integration of migration in Lepidoptera. In: Drake, V. A. & Gatehouse, A. G. (Eds.), Insect Migration: Tracking Resources Through Space and Time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 279 - 302.
  • Gadenne, C., Picimbon, J. - F., Becard, J. - M., Lalanne-Cassou, B. & Renou, M. (1997) Development and pheromone communication systems in hybrids of Agrotis ipsilon and Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera. Noctuidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23 (1), 191 - 209. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / b: joec. 0000006354.75569. c 9
  • Greenslade, P., Farrow, R. A. & Smith, J. M. B. (1999) Long Distance Migration of Insects to a Subantarctic Island. Journal of Biogeography, 26 (6), 1161 - 1167. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2699.1999.00356. x
  • Beshkov, S. & Goater, B. (2000) Macrolepidoptera and microlepidoptera (Alucitidae and Pyralidae) recorded in Bulgaria, 12 - 24 September 1995 (Lepidoptera). Historia naturalis bulgarica, 12, 41 - 58.
  • Koch, C. K. & Waterhouse, D. F. (2000) The Distribution and Importance of Arthropods Associated with Agriculture and Forestry in Chile. Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. ACIAR Monograph, 68, 231 pp.
  • Angulo, A. O. & Olivares, T. S. (2001) Clave para identificar pupas de especies de noctuidos chilenos (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 28, 55 - 58.
  • Carrillo, R., Cornejo, C., Neira, M., Balocchi, O., Mundaca, N. & Cisternas, E. (2001) Larvas de noctuidos en praderas permanentes en Valdivia, Chile, durante el periodo invernal. Agro sur, 29 (1), 27 - 31. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4206 / agrosur. 2001. v 29 n 1 - 04
  • Fullard, J. H. (2001) Auditory sensitivity of Hawaiian moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and selective predation by the Hawaiian hoary bat (Chiroptera: Lasiurus cinereus semotus). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series B, 268, 1375 - 1380. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2001.1664
  • Silvegren, G. (2003) Circadian clock mechanisms regulating sex pheromone communication in moths. Available from: http: // www 4. lu. se / upload / biologi / pheromone / introgermund. pdf (accessed 26 April 2013)
  • Lafontaine, J. D. (2004) Noctuoidea: Noctuidae (part), Noctuinae (part - Agrotini). In: Hodges, R. W. (Ed.), The moths of North America, fascicle 27.1. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 385 pp.
  • Pastrana, J. A. (2004) Los lepidopteros argentinos. Sus plantas hospedadoras y otros sustratos alimenticios. Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, Buenos Aires, 350 pp.
  • Specht, A., Silva, E. J. E. & Link, D. (2004) Noctuideos (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) do Museu Entomologico Ceslau Biezanko, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia " Eliseu Maciel, " Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS 1. Revista brasileira Agrociencia, 10, 389 - 409.
  • Angulo, A. O. & Olivares, T. S. (2005) Un inventario global de la subfamilia Noctuinae de Chile (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia, 33, 131 - 166.
  • Specht, A., Teston, J. A., Mare, R. A. D. & Corseuil, E. (2005) Noctuideos (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) coletados em quatro Areas Estaduais de Conservacao do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 49, 130 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0085 - 56262005000100015
  • Angulo, A. O., Camano, A. & Angulo, G. A. (2006) " From Freeze with Moths ": First Discovery of a Habitat in Andean Salars for Noctuid Moths. Neotropical Entomology, 35, 556 - 557. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1519 - 566 x 2006000400020
  • Capinera, J. L. (2006) Featured Creatures. Black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel). EENY- 395. Available from: http: // entnemdept. ufl. edu / creatures / veg / black _ cutworm. htm (accessed 26 April 2013)
  • Pogue, M. G. (2006) The Noctuinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U. S. A. Zootaxa, 1215, 1 - 95.
  • Carrero, J. M. & Planes, S. (2008) Plagas del campo. Ediciones Mundi-Prensa, Madrid, 775 pp.
  • Wood, C. R., Reynolds, D. R., Wells, P. M., Barlow, J. F., Woiwod, I. P. & Chapman, J. W. (2009) Flight periodicity and the vertical distribution of high-altitude moth migration over southern Britain. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 99 (5), 525 - 535. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0007485308006548
  • San Blas, G. & Barrionuevo, M. J. (2013) Status and redescription of the South American pest species Agrotis robusta (Lepidoptera. Noctuidae), a history of misidentifications. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 84, 1153 - 1158. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.7550 / rmb. 36317
  • Ortiz Romero, R. & Zanabria, E. (1979) Plagas. In: Tapia, M., Gandarillas, H., Alandia, S., Cardozo, A. & Mujica, A. (Eds.), Quinuay Kaniwa, cultivos andinos. CIID, Oficina Regional para la America Latina, Bogota, 228 pp.
  • Gimenez, A. (1988) Enfermedades del girasol en Uruguay. In: Molestina, C. J. (Ed.), Manejo del cultivo, control de plagas y enfermedades del girasol. Programa cooperativo de investigacion agricola del cono sur, Dialogo XXII, pp. 79 - 88.
  • Reyes Vaca, I. M. (1988) El cultivo del girasol en Bolivia. In: Molestina, C. J. (Ed.) Manejo del cultivo, control de plagas y enfermedades del girasol. Programa cooperativo de investigacion agricola del cono sur, Dialogo XXII, pp. 99 - 110.
  • Denis, J. N. C. M. & Schiffermuller, I. (1775) Ankundung eines Systematisches Werkes von den Schmetterlinge der Wiener Gegend. Bernardt, Wien, 333 pp.
  • Boisduval, J. B. A. D. & Guenee, A. (1852) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres. Tome Cinquieme. Noctuelites. Tome 1. Roret, Paris, 407 pp.
  • Stephens, J. F. (1856) List of the specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. V. Lepidoptera. Trustees, London, 224 pp.
  • Butler, A. G. (1874) The Lepidoptera of New Zealand. In: White, A. & Butler, A. G., Richardson, J. & Gray, J. E. (Eds.), The zoology of the voyage of HMS Erebus & Terror, under the command of captain James Clark Ross, R. N., F. R. S., during the years 1839 to 1843. E. W. Janson, London, 51 pp., 10 pls.
  • Grote, A. R. (1874) Descriptions of Noctuidae principally from California. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 1, 129 - 155.
  • Grote, A. R. (1875 a) On allied species of Noctuidae inhabiting Europe and North America. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 2, 193 - 200.
  • Butler, A. G. (1877) On two Collections of Heterocerous Lepidoptera from New Zealand, with descriptions of new Genera and Species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1877, 379 - 407, pls. 42 - 43.
  • Butler, A. G. (1882) Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in Chili by Thomas Edmonds. Part II, Noctuites. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 30 (2), 113 - 139. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1882. tb 01573. x
  • Butler, A. G. (1883) On a Collection of Indian Lepidoptera received from Lieut. - Colonel Charles Swinhoe; with numerous Notes by the Collector. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1883, 2, 144 - 175, pl. 24.
  • Cotes, E. C. & Swinhoe, C. C. (1888) A catalogue of the moths of India. Vol. III. Noctues, Pseudo-Deltoides, and Deltoides. Trustees Indian Museum, Calcutta, pp. 257 - 462.
  • Leech, J. H. (1889 b) On the Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea. - Part III. 1 Heterocera, Sect. II. Noctues and Deltoides. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1889, 57 (4), 474 - 571, pls. 50 - 53. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1889. tb 06789. x
  • Cramer, P. (1780) De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerelddeelen Asia, Africa en America. 3. Amsterdam & Utrecht 176 pp., pls. 193 - 288 (1779 - 1780)
  • Esper, E. J. C. (1786 [1782 - 1786]) Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil III: Die Nachtschmetterlinge Erlangen. T. O. Weigel, Leipzig, 396 pp.
  • Godart, J. B., Dumenil, P. C. R. C., Duponchel, P. A. J., Genouville, E. R. & Vauthier, A. C. (1837) Histoire naturelle des lepidopteres ou papillons de France. Tome 5, Nocturnes, tome 2. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris, 300 pp.
  • Villers, C. (1789) Caroli Linnaei Entomologica, Faunae Suecicae Descriptionibus Aucta; etc. Volume 2. Piestre et Delamollier, Lugduni, 656 pp.
  • Treitschke, G. F. (1827) Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. Band 6 - 1. Fleischer, Leipzig, 416 pp.
  • Donovan, E. (1801) The Natural History of the British Insects; Explaining them in their several States, with the Periods of their Transformations, their food, economy, etc., together with the History of such Minute Insects as Require Investigations by the Microscope. Vol. 10. F. and C. Rivington, London, 95 pp.
  • Harris, T. W. (1841) Report on the Insects of Massachusetts, Injurious to Vegetation. Folsom, Welk, and Thurston, Cambridge, 459 pp.
  • Riley, C. V. (1869) First annual report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects of the state of Missouri. Ellwood Kirby, Missouri, 181 pp.
  • Saunders, W., Fletcher, J., Bethune, C. J. S., Bowels, G. J., Harrington, W. H. & Gott, B. (1880) Annual report of the entomological society of the province of Ontario for the year 1879. Blackett Robinson, Toronto, 89 pp.
  • Treat, M. (1882) Injurious insects of the farm and garden. Orange Judd Co., New York, 288 pp.
  • Donzel, H. (1837) Description de cinq especes de noctuelites et deux de phalaenites decouvertes dans le Department des Basses-Alpes in 1837. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 6, 471 - 479, 1 plate.
  • Blanchard, E. (1852) Fauna Chilena. Insectos. Orden VI. Lepidoptera. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Zoologia. Vol. 7. Noctuelianos. Imprenta de Maulde et Renou, Paris, pp. 71 - 112.
  • Walker, F. (( 1857) 1856) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. X. Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 491 pp.
  • Walker, F. (1856) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 9. Edward Newman, London, 252 pp.
  • Wallengren, H. D. J. (1860) Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 4, 33 - 46, 161 - 176.
  • Walker, F. (1865 a) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 32. Edward Newman, London, pp. 324 - 706.
  • Holloway, J. D. (1977) The Lepidoptera of Norfolk Island. Their biogeography and ecology. Series entomologica, 13, 291 pp.
  • Common, I. F. B. (1990) Moths of Australia. Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 544 pp.
  • Bertoloni, A. (1874) Intorno al danno arrecata alla canapa, al formentona ec. dall' Agrotis suffusa Ochsm. var. pepoli Bertol. nep nelle tene inondate nel comune di Bondeno nell primavera 1873. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 6, 139 - 146.
  • Angulo, A. O., Jana-Saenz, C., Parra, L. E. & Castillo, E. E. (1990) Lista de lepidopteros noctuidos asociados a algunos cultivos en Chile (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): status sistematico actual. Gayana Zoologica, 54, 51 - 61.