Evaluation of C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 among Nephrotic Syndrome Patients in Kano Metropolis

ABSTRACT

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a multi-factorial clinical manifestation associated with increased glomerular permeability, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and dyslipidaemia, leading to cardiovascular episode among others. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) among Nephrotic syndrome patients in Kano metropolis. the objective of this study was to determine the serum total protein, urinary proteins (UP), CRP, IL-6 and the relationship between UP with CRP and IL-6 among NS patients compared with control subjects. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 NS patients and 25 apparently healthy controls were recruited for the study, males and females were 32 and 18 respectively, with aged range between 4-70 years. Blood and spot urine sample were collected from each participant. Serum total protein and albumin were assayed using Biuret and bromocresol green binding method by manual colorimetric technique respectively, serum CRP and IL-6 were determined using quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique, while UP was determined using sulphur salicylic acid. SPSS software package version 21 was used for the analysis of data. Results: Our finding shows that, the mean age of the patients is 15.16, male recorded higher percentage frequency of 32(64%) while female recorded a percentage frequency of 18(36%), the higher frequency of marital status and ethnic group were observed in single status and Hausa patients respectively. The mean values of UP, Serum CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher (p<0.00) in patients’ group when compared with the controls while Total protein, Albumin, Globulin and Albumin Globulin ratio were significantly lower (p<0.05) in patients’ when compared with the controls group. There was positive correlation between UP &CRP (r=0.52, p=0.00), UP & IL-6 (r=0.69, p=0.00) and CRP & IL-6 (r=0.79, p=0.00). Conclusion: Our result revealed increase serum concentrations of CRP & IL-6. Those analytes might serve as an important immunological biomarker in the management of patients with nephrotic syndrome.