Published June 23, 2021 | Version v1
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An Overview of Innate Immune Response to Human Rhinovirus Infection

Creators

  • 1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Description

Abstract

Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are mainly associated with catarrh or the common cold and quite possibly cause one of the most unavoidable diseases in human beings. Although the HRV infections of the upper respiratory tract are generally somewhat harmless, there is increasing proof that HRV pave the way for more hazardous infections, promote asthmatic intensifications, and lead to severe diseases in the lower respiratory tract. Respiratory tract epithelial cells are the essential targets for rhinovirus and other respiratory pathogens. In the presence of rhinovirus, respiratory tract epithelial cells mount both supportive of provocative reactions and antiviral natural invulnerable reactions to clear the infection effectively. A portion of antiviral reactions include the expression of interferons (IFNs) and endoplasmic reticulum stress-actuated unfolded protein reaction and autophagy. In patients with chronic (persistent) lung diseases, these reactions may be either imperfect or incited in overabundance prompting insufficient getting free from infection and supported aggravation. In this review, components hidden behind innate antiviral invulnerability and the dysregulation of a portion of these instruments will be examined in patients with chronic lung diseases.

Özet

İnsan rinovirusları (HRV) esas olarak nezle veya soğuk algınlığı ile ilişkilidir ve büyük olasılıkla insanlarda en kaçınılmaz hastalıklardan birine neden olurlar. Üst solunum yollarının HRV enfeksiyonları genellikle bir şekilde zararsız olsa da HRV'nin daha tehlikeli enfeksiyonların önünü açtığına, astım şiddetini artırdığına ve alt solunum yollarında ciddi hastalıklara yol açtığına dair artan kanıtlar vardır. Solunum yolu epitel hücreleri, rinovirus ve diğer solunum yolu patojenleri için temel hedeflerdir. Rinovirus varlığında, solunum yolu epitel hücreleri, enfeksiyonu etkili bir şekilde temizlemek için hem provokatif reaksiyonları hem de antiviral doğal bağışıklığın koruyucu reaksiyonlarını destekler. Antiviral reaksiyonların bir kısmı, interferonların (IFN) ekspresyonunu ve endoplazmik retikulum stresle harekete geçen katlanmamış (unfolded) protein reaksiyonunu ve otofajiyi içerir. Kronik (persistan) akciğer hastalığı olan hastalarda, bu reaksiyonlar yetersiz olabileceği gibi aşırı reaksiyonlara da neden olabilir, bu durum enfeksiyonun temizlenmesini güçleştirirken ve alevlenmesini destekler. Bu derlemede, kronik akciğer hastalığı olan hastalarda doğuştan gelen antiviral yanıttaki savunma açıklarının arkasına gizlenmiş bileşenler ve bu araçların bir kısmının düzensizliği (disregülasyonu) incelenecektir.

Notes

Human Rhinovirus Enfeksiyonuna Doğuştan Gelen Bağışıklık Tepkisine Genel Bakış

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