Pardosa lyrata

Pardosa lyrata (Odenwall, 1901)

Figs 5, 13, 24, 32, 40, 51–52, 63, 71, 81, 85–87, 94, 106–107, 117, 124, 129–130

Lycosa lyrata Odenwall, 1901: 270-273, figs 16–19 (♂ ♀).

Pardosa lyrata: Zyuzin 1979: fig. 8 (♀).

Acantholycosa lignaria: Loksa 1965: 15, fig. 22 (♀) (misidentification).

Type material. Lectotype ♂ and paralectotype ♂ in tube labelled ‘5. L. lyrata Utotschkin’ and paralectotype ♀ in tube labelled ‘5’, all regarded as originating from Russia, Buryatia, Utotschkina [vicinity of ‘ Verchne Udinsk’ (= Ulan Ude)] (E. Odenwall), in ZMUH, here designated.

Other material examined. RUSSIA. Krasnoyarsk Kray: Kansk District, Yeniseyskaya gub., 1914 (Sayanskaya Partiya Ekspeditsiya Departamenta Zemledeliya, ZISP), 1♀. Amur Oblast: Without locality, 1914 (V. Dorogostayskiy, ZISP) 1♂ 3♀; River Sivokan, 5 June 1914 (V. Dorogostayskiy, ZISP), 2♂ 4♀. Yakutia: Kochegarovo Village (SW of Olekminsk), 21 June 1985 (N.N. Vinokurov, NHRS), 6♂ 5♀, 22 June 1985 (N.N. Vinokurov, IBPN) 12♂. Magadan Oblast: Talon (N.E. Dokuchajev, IBPN), 3♂ 3♀; Kolyma River upper reaches, Biological Station ”Kontakt” (61º40’N 147º30’E), July-August 1987 (S.P. Bukhkalo, IBPN, NHRS), 24♂ 19♀; Kolyma River upper reaches, near Sibit-Tyellakh, Summer 1987 (Y. M. Marusik, IBPN) 6♂ 3♀. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: 74 km W of Anadyr City, Anadyr River near Omochi R. mouth, 613 m, 64.82°N 175.967°E, July–August 2013 (O.A. Khrulyova, ZMMU), 10♀. Primorsky Kray: Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve, kordon Kabany, 45°08’16”N 135°52’40”E, 650-900 m, taiga, 30 June–4 July 1999 (Y. Sundukov, ZMMU), 1♂. Krasnoarmeisk District, Ozernoe Plateau, 1100–1400 m, 16-17 June 2011 (M.M. Omelko, ZMMU), 1♂; Mt Oblachnaya, road in spruce forest, 1000 m, 22 June 2004 (M.M. Omelko, ZMMU), 1♂, glade in high mountain spruce forest, 1600 m, 24 June 2008 (M.M. Omelko, ZMMU), 5♂, pitfall traps at brook bank in mixed forest, 600 m, 25 June 2008 (M.M. Omelko, ZMMU), 2♂. Chuguyevsk District, Sokolovka River, Upper Ussuri Field Station, 43º50’N 134º10’E, Summer 1991 (collector unknown, ZMMU), 3♀. Material of this species was examined for Marusik et al. (2002: Krasnoyarsk Kray), Marusik et al. (1993: Yakutia), Logunov & Marusik (1995: Chita Oblast), Marusik et al. (1992: Magadan Oblast and Chukotka), Marusik (2005: Northern Cisokhotia), Marusik & Buchar (2004: Mongolia).

Diagnosis. Males are distinguished from all other species in this group by the long anteriorly directed branch of the tegular apophysis (Figs 24, 40) and the shape of the embolus (Figs 51–52); females by the posterior part of the septum projecting into two lateral rounded lobes (Figs 87, 94).

Description. Male (Magadan Oblast): Total length 6.2. Carapace 3.00 long, 2.30 wide.

Prosoma. Carapace brownish. Median band yellowish brown, narrowed at cephalic-thoracic junction, wide behind PLEs. Lateral bands indistinct, broken into spots, light brownish. Thoracic part with short darks hairs, adpressed white hairs in median band and a few in lateral spots. Clypeus and chelicerae light brown, latter with longitudinal darker streaks and yellowish on inside.

Eyes. Width of row I (slightly procurved) 47, row II 70, row III 94, row II-III 70. Diameter of AME 11, ALE 9, PME 26, PLE 22. Distance between AME 6, between AME and ALE 2.

Opisthosoma. Dorsum brownish, covered with white adpressed hairs and more erect dark hairs. Lanceolate stripe brownish, dark-bordered. Rest of dorsum patterned with black, posterior to lanceolate stripe formed as transverse black bars with white dots of white hairs at each end. Venter light greyish brown with short adpressed light pubescence and scattered short thin dark hairs (latter hard to discern). Anterior spinnerets dark.

Legs (Table 1). Yellowish brown with faint darker annulation. Front legs comparatively long. Ti I with two retrolateral spines.

Palp (Figs 5, 13, 24, 32). Pt 0.65, Ti 0.60, Cy 1.25. Brownish, Pt lighter, Cy blackish brown, lighter apically. Tegular apophysis with very long anteriorly directed branch evenly bent retrolaterad, basal process comparatively short (Figs 24, 40). Conductor as in Fig. 81, terminal apophysis as in Figs 63, 71 & 81. Embolus long, narrow, distal part evenly curved anteriad, hair-like (Figs 51–52, 63, 71, 81).

Female (Magadan Oblast): Total length 6.5. Carapace 3.20 long, 2.45 wide.

Prosoma and opisthosoma. Similar to male in coloration and pattern. Lateral bands of carapace of yellowish brown spots well separated or more confluent.

Eyes. Width of row I (slightly procurved) 51, row II 74, row III 96, row II-III 72. Diameter of AME 10, ALE 9, PME 27, PLE 22. Distance between AME 7, between AME and ALE 3.

Legs (Table 1). Yellowish brown with distinct dark greyish brown annulation.

Epigyne (Figs 86–87, 94, 117). Lateral elevations diverging backwards (ca 45º) from about half the length of the epigyne. Septum filling the cavities in the posterior half and extending backwards into to lateral lobes. Copulatory tubes twisted (Figs 106–107).

Size variation. Carapace length: males 2.60–3.00 (n=10), females 3.15–3.30 (n=10).

Habitat. In the upper reaches of the Kolyma River, the species inhabits a variety of habitats within the forest belt. It is most numerous and common close to creeks and rivers, and may also occur in bogs and on pebbly beaches (Marusik, unpubl.). In three habitats (of 30 studied) in the “Aborigen” field station P. lyrata co-occurred with P. eiseni. In one very heterogenous habitat (sparse larch boggy forest, with sparse undergrowth on a north exposed slope with soliflucted microrelief, 600 m) P. eiseni occurred in considerable numbers (from 2 to 5% of all specimens), while P. lyrata was rare. In a thin birch stand on a south exposed slope with Rosa and cowberry underneath, broken soil cover and dry litter, 550 m, the situation was the opposite: P. eiseni was rare, while P. lyrata was more abundant (Marusik 1988). In another field station (“Kontakt”) located in the Kolyma River upper reaches, the two species were not found in the same habitat. In South Siberia (Sokhondo Reserve, Chita Oblast) P. lyrata was found together with P. eiseni and P. lasciva in the same type of habitats in mountain taiga: deciduous and mixed forests (Logunov & Marusik 1995). Besides taiga it was reported from birch-larch forests, inundated (river valley) spruce forests and shrub bogs (low alder thicket) (alder yernik) (Logunov & Marusik 1995).

Distribution (Figs 129–130). This species is known from East Palaearctic only: Siberia east of Yenisey River (Holm 1973) northeast to Chukotka (Marusik et al. 1992) and Kamchatka (Mikhailov 2013), southward to Mongolia (Marusik & Buchar 2004).