Published March 11, 2021 | Version v1
Journal article Open

COVID-19 Infections in the Childhood Age Group

Creators

  • 1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
  • 2. Department of Pediatrics, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

Description

Özet

Çocuklarda COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) enfeksiyonu çoğunlukla asemptomatik veya daha hafif semptom ve bulgularla ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çocuklarda SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonuna karşı yatkınlığın erişkinlere göre daha düşük olmasının patogenezi bağışıklık sistemi özellikleri ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Çocukların canlı aşılar ve sık viral enfeksiyonlar nedeniyle güçlü doğuştan (innate) bağışıklık tepkisine sahip olmalarının enfeksiyonun giriş bölgesinde erken kontrolü sağlamada önemli rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Hastanede yatış iki yaş altında, şiddetli ve kritik hastalıkta ve altta yatan hastalık varlığında yüksek orandadır. Çoğunlukla aile içinde erişkinlerden bulaşma (household transmission) şeklinde görülebilmekle birlikte çocuktan çocuğa bulaşmalar da mümkündür. Hastaların ek oksijen gereksinimi, invaziv/non-invaziv solunum desteği gereksinimi, altta yatan kronik hastalık ve immünosüpresyon olup olmamasına göre hastaneye yatırılan hastalara spesifik olmayan destek tedavileri ve uygun görülen glukokortikoid tedavisi planlaması yapılabilmektedir. Çocuklar için henüz etkin bir aşılama söz konusu olmamakla birlikte bu konudaki klinik çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Çocuklar için korunma önlemleri erişkinlerdeki ile benzerdir.

Abstract

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) infection in children mostly occurs with asymptomatic or milder symptoms and signs. The pathogenesis of lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children compared to adults is associated with immune system characteristics. Children have strong innate immune response due to live-vaccines and frequent viral infections, it is thought that this situation have a critical role early control of infection at the site of entry. Hospitalization is high in under two years of age, in severe and critical illness, and in the presence of underlying disease. Although it can be seen as transmission from adults in the family (household transmission), transmission from child to child is also possible. Nonspecific supportive treatments and appropriate glucocorticoid treatment planning can be made for hospitalized patients based on the presence of additional oxygen requirement, invasive/noninvasive respiratory support requirement, underlying chronic disease and immunosuppression. Although there is no effective vaccination for children yet, clinical studies on this subject are ongoing. Protection measures for children are similar to those for adults.

Notes

Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda COVID-19 Enfeksiyonları

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