Graphonema Cobb 1898
- 1. Department of Biology, Keio University, 4 - 1 - 1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223 - 8521, Japan E-mail: dsk-shimada @ keio. jp & Corresponding author
- 2. National Institute of Polar Research, 10 - 3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190 - 8518, Japan
Description
Genus Graphonema Cobb, 1898
Protochromadora Inglis, 1969: 177.
Diagnosis [modified from Inglis (1969), Warwick and Coles (1975) and Tchesunov (2014)]. Euchromadorinae. Body cuticle with complex heterogeneous ornamentation. Lateral differentiation either present or absent. Amphideal fovea either transverse slit-like without a double contour, or not observed. Buccal cavity with a hollow dorsal onchium and two lateral or ventrosublateral onchia, without rows of denticles. Pharynx without posterior terminal bulb. Spicules not jointed. Gubernaculum containing a dorsal piece and a pair of hammer- or L-shaped lateral pieces. Precloacal supplement absent. Pre- and postcloacal cuticular elevation also absent.
Type species. Graphonema vulgare Cobb, 1898 (originally spelled G. vulgaris).
Other species. Nine species:
1. G. amokurae (Ditlevsen, 1921) Inglis, 1969 = Spilophora amokurae Ditlevsen, 1921 = Euchromadora amokurae Allgén, 1929;
2. G. arcticum (Filipjev, 1946) Warwick and Coles, 1975 = Euchromadora arctica Filipjev, 1946;
3. G. georgei Inglis, 1969;
4. G. mediterraneum (Allgén, 1942) Warwick and Coles, 1975 = Euchromadora mediterranea Allgén, 1942 = Protochromadora mediterranea Inglis, 1969;
5. G. metuliferum Kito, 1981;
6. G. northumbriae Warwick and Coles, 1975;
7. G. parafricanum (Gerlach, 1958) Warwick and Coles, 1975 = Euchromadora parafricana Gerlach, 1958 = Protochromadora parafricana Inglis, 1969;
8. G. scampae (Coles, 1965) Warwick and Coles, 1975 = Euchromadora scampae Coles, 1965 = Protochromadora scampae Inglis, 1969; and
9. G. antarcticum sp. nov.
Remarks. Ten species, including the type species, are valid (Cobb 1898; Wieser 1954, 1959a; Inglis 1969; Gerlach and Riemann 1973; Warwick and Coles 1975; Kito 1981). Graphonema achaeta Platonova, 1971 should be transferred to Endeolophos because of the absence of the lateral pieces of gubernaculum (Platonova 1971). Two specific names, G. pachyderma nom. nud. by Cobb (1898), and G. biseriale nom. nud. by Wieser (1959b; originally spelled G. biserialis) are unavailable (Gerlach and Riemann 1973), because they were published without any description, definition, or bibliographic reference.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Chromadoridae
- Genus
- Graphonema
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Desmodorida
- Phylum
- Nematoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Cobb
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Taxonomic concept label
- Graphonema Cobb, 1898 sec. Shimada, Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019
References
- Cobb, N. A. 1898. Australian free-living marine nematodes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 23: 383 - 407.
- Inglis, W. G. 1969. Convergence in the structure of the head and cuticle of Euchromadora species and apparently similar nematodes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology 17: 149 - 204.
- Warwick, R. M. and Coles, J. W. 1975. Notes on the free-living marine genus Euchromadora de Man, 1886 and its allies, with descriptions of two new species (Chromadoridae: Nematoda). Journal of Natural History 9: 403 - 412.
- Tchesunov, A. V. 2014. Order Chromadorida Chitwood, 1933. Pp. 373 - 398. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.) Handbook of Zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Volume 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin and Boston.
- Filipjev, I. N. 1946. Nematodes libres du bassin polaire. Trudy dreifuiushchaia ekspeditsiia Glavsevmorputi na ledokol'nom parokhode " G. Sedov " 1937 - 1940 3: 158 - 184.
- Kito, K. 1981. Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, IV. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series VI, Zoology 22: 250 - 278.
- Gerlach, S. A. 1958. Freilebende Nematoden von den Korallenriffen des Roten Meeres. Kieler Meeresforschungen 14: 241 - 246.
- Coles, J. W. 1965. A critical review of the marine nematode genus Euchromadora de Man, 1886. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology 12: 157 - 194.
- Wieser, W. 1954. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 49. 17. Free-living marine nematodes. II. Chromadoroidea. Lunds Universitets Arsskriπ. Ny Foljd. Andra Avdelningen 50: 1 - 148.
- Wieser, W. 1959 a. Free-living Nematodes and Other Small Invertebrates of Puget Sound Beaches. University of Washington Press, Seattle, vii + 179 pp.
- Gerlach, S. A. and Riemann, F. 1973. The Bremerhaven checklist of aquatic nematodes. A catalogue of Nematoda Adenophorea excluding the Dorylaimida. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, Supplement 4: 1 - 404.
- Platonova, T. A. 1971. Free-living marine nematodes from the Possjet Bay of the Sea of Japan. Pp. 72 - 108. In: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Zoological Institute (Ed.) Fauna and Flora of the Possjet Bay of the Sea of Japan: Hydrobiological Investigations by Means of Diving Method. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas 8 (16). The Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. [In Russian]
- Wieser, W. 1959 b. A note on subterranean nematodes from Chesapeake Bay, Md. Limnology and Oceanography 4: 225 - 227.