Hydrolagus africanus
Description
Hydrolagus africanus (Gilchrist, 1922b)
African Ghostshark
Chimaera africanus Gilchrist, 1922b: 51, pl. 8. Syntypes: several, all lost. Type locality: deepwater off KZN. Neotype: SAM 34420. Neotype designated by Walovich et al. 2015:158, fig. 1. Type locality: west coast of WC, Southeast Atlantic Ocean, 30°04'59.88''S, 14°54'6.12''E.
Local synonymy: Chimaera africanus: Gilchrist, 1922b: 51, pl. 8; Barnard, 1925: 95; Norman, 1935: 47; Fowler, 1941: 499; Smith, 1949a: 79, fig. 94; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1953: 543; Smith, 1961a: 76, fig, 94; Smith, 1965, 76, fig. 94. Hydrolagus sp.: Compagno et al., 1991: 113. Hydrolagus africanus: Smith, 1968: 3, pl. 1a; Compagno, 1986: 145, fig. 32.2; Compagno et al., 1989: 120, pl. (in part); Compagno, 1999: 120; Kemper et al., 2010: 55; Didier et al., 2012: 101; Ebert, 2014: 96, fig. 151; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 148; Walovich et al., 2015: 158, fig. 1; Weigmann, 2016: 1002. Hydrolagus cf. africanus: Ebert, 2015: 198, fig. 225.
South Africa voucher material: Neotype: SAM 34420. Non-types: CAS 241488 (4 specimens), CAS 241490 (2 specimens), CAS 241491, CAS 241492 (2 specimens), CAS 241493, SAIAB 14040 (2 specimens), SAIAB 17324, SAIAB 17325, SAIAB 25211, SAIAB 25712, SAIAB 81688, SAIAB 186459, SAM 33058, SAM 33412, USNM 438927, USNM 438929, USNM 438930, USNM 438931, USNM 438932.
South African distribution: Entire coastline from the Orange River (NC) to KZN border with Mozambique.
Remarks: Hydrolagus africanus has long been misidentified with other regional Hydrolagus species including H. affinis in South African and Namibian waters and with H. mirabilis in Angolan waters. However, Walovich et al. (2015) reviewed the issue and designated a neotype clarifying the external morphology and providing a key to regional species.
Conservation status: LC (2020).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- SAM
- Family
- Chimaeridae
- Genus
- Hydrolagus
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Material sample ID
- CAS 241488, CAS 241490, CAS 241491, CAS 241492, CAS 241493, SAIAB 14040, SAIAB 17324, SAIAB 17325, SAIAB 25211, SAIAB 25712, SAIAB 81688, SAIAB 186459, USNM 438927, USNM 438929, USNM 438930, USNM 438931, USNM 438932
- Order
- Chimaeriformes
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Scientific name authorship
- Gilchrist
- Species
- africanus
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- neotype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Hydrolagus africanus (Gilchrist, 1922) sec. Ebert, Wintner & Kyne, 2021
References
- Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. " Pickle " (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.
- Walovich, K. A., Ebert, D. A., Long, D. J. & Didier, D. A. (2015) Redescription of Hydrolagus africanus (Gilchrist, 1922) (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae), with a review of southern African chimaeroids and a key to their identification. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 157 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1033012
- Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.
- Norman, J. R. (1935) Coast fishes, Part. I. The South Atlantic. ' Discovery' Reports, 12, 1 - 58.
- Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer " Albatross " in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.
- Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.
- Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1953) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 2. Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates, rays and chimaeroids. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 2, 1 - 588.
- Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.
- Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.
- Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664
- Smith, J. L. B. (1968) New and interesting fishes from deepish water off Durban, Natal and southern Mozambique. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 19, 1 - 30.
- Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.
- Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.
- Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406
- Kemper, J. M., Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Didier, D. A. (2010) Chimaera notafricana sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae), a new species of chimaera from southern Africa. Zootaxa, 2532 (1), 55 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2532.1.2
- Didier, D. A., Kemper, J. M. & Ebert, D. A. (2012) Phylogeny, biology, and classification of extant Holocephali. In: Carrier, J. C., Musick J. A. & Heithaus. M. R. (Eds.), The Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 97 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / b 11867 - 6
- Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp.
- Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the " Lost Sharks " of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730
- Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874
- Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.