FIG. 3 in Anatomy of Haplomastodon chimborazi (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from the late Pleistocene of Ecuador and its bearing on the phylogeny and systematics of South American gomphotheres

FIG. 3. — Haplomastodon chimborazi (Proaño,1922) from Q.Pistud, Bolivar,Ecuador, skull (MECN 82): A, cranium, anterior view;B, cranium (cast),antero-dorsal view (tusks have been removed);C, cranium and mandible, posterior view; D, cranium (cast),ventral view.Abbreviations used in Figures 3-5: eam, external acustic meatus; ena, external nasal aperture; FR, frontal; id, incisura dentalis; if, infraorbital foramen; inf, incisive fossa; ipm, infraorbital process of maxillary; MX, maxillary; M2, second upper molar; M3 third upper molar; mf, mandibular fossa; NA, nasal; nc, nuchal crest; nf, nuchal fossa; npp, nasal process of premaxillary; o,opening on the internal lateral face of the nasal aperture, leading to perinasal fossae; OC, occipital; occ, occipital condyle; PA, parietal; PM, premaxillary; ppf, post-orbital process of frontal; snf, subnasal fossa; TE, temporal; zpm, zygomatic process of maxillary; zpt, zygomatic process of temporal. Scale bar: 10 cm.