Standards for ensuring the legality of implementing unspount activities in criminal process through the prism of legal positions of the European court of human rights
Description
The analysis of the legal positions of the ECHR in the aspect of the subject of the article under consideration made it possible to conditionally single out the following standards for ensuring the legality of the implementation of covert activity in criminal proceedings: – predictability. Its essence lies in the fact that the grounds, procedural order, conditions, timing, the circle of persons and crimes in relation to which it is allowed to carry out covert activities should be as detailed, clear and accurate as possible in the criminal procedural legislation. Moreover, any person had the opportunity to familiarize himself with the relevant regulatory prescriptions and foresee the actions that can be carried out in relation to him; – warranty against abuse. The content of this standard can be disclosed by more detailed highlighting of clarifying provisions (“substandards”). These include: control of interference in human rights and freedoms; the certainty of the circle of persons in relation to whom it is possible to carry out secret activities; limited corpus delicti, for the purpose of investigation or prevention of which covert activity is allowed;; the existence in national legislation of procedures that facilitate the law of the implementation of covert activity in criminal proceedings; the temporary nature of the implementation of secret activities in the criminal process; – verifiability. The essence of this standard can be disclosed through the establishment of judicial control over the decision of the issue regarding the possible destruction of information obtained in the course of conducting covert activities, which is not relevant to criminal proceedings, as well as the requirement for the mandatory opening of decisions that were the basis for conducting covert investigative actions; – exclusivity. The main content of this standard is that covert activity in criminal proceedings can be carried out only in cases where the disclosure or prevention of a crime in another way is impossible or is too complicated; – proportionality of the intervention and its expediency. The essence of this standard is that the implementation of certain covert coercive actions that are associated with the restriction of human rights and freedoms must be proportionate to the goals for which such actions are directed. Moreover, these goals and the applied coercion must be necessary in a democratic society; – inadmissibility of tacit interference in the communication of some subjects. First of all, this requirement concerns the need to legislatively guarantee non-interference in communication between a lawyer and his client, a priest and an accused, etc., which means a ban on targeted control over the communication of certain subjects, as well as the obligation to destroy information obtained in the course of an accidental, situational interfering with their communication.
Files
Tumanyants, Krytska.pdf
Files
(246.6 kB)
Name | Size | Download all |
---|---|---|
md5:a1b4c17990ded120835e5511ce2d39f9
|
246.6 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
References
- Mykhailiuk ta Petrov proty Ukrainy: Rishennia ECHR u spravi vid 10.12.2009 r. (zaiava № 11932/02). URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/974_500.
- Dudchenko proty Rosii: Rishennia ECHR u spravi vid 07.11.2017 r. (zaiava № 37717/05). URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-178344.
- Case of Zubkov and others v. Russia (applications nos. 29431/05 and 2 others) 07/11/2017. URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-178343.
- Case of Khudobin v. Russia (applications nos. 59696/00) 26/10/2006. URL: http://hudoc. echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-77692.
- Ugolovno-protsessualnyiy kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan ot 04.06.2014 g. №231-V (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami). URL: http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31575852#sub_ id=2210400.
- Ugolovno-protsessualnyiy zakon Latvii: prinyatyiy Seymom 21.04 2005 g. i obnarodovannyiy Prezidentom gosudarstva 11.05.2005 g. Biznesa informvcijas birojs: Zakonyi Latvii po-russki.URL: http://www.pravo.lv/likumi/29_upz.html.
- Ugolovno-protsessualnyiy kodeks Respubliki Moldova ot 14.03.2003 g. # 122-XV (s izme-neniyami i dopolneniyami). URL: http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30397729&doc_id2= 30397729#pos=30;-15&sub_id2=1020000&sel_link=1001129174.
- Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy vid 13.04.2012 r. No 4651-VI. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4651-17.
- Ugolovno-protsessualnyiy kodeks Estonskoy Respubliki ot 12.02.2003, RT I 2003, 27, 166. URL: https://v1.juristaitab.ee/sites/www.juristaitab.ee/files/elfinder/ru-seadused/%D0%A3%D0%93% D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%9E-%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A6%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A3%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99%20%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%A1%2010.06.2018.pdf.
- Ugolovno-protsessualnyiy kodeks Federativnoy Respubliki Germanii ot 01.02.1877 g. (s izme-neniyami i dopolneniyam). URL: http://pravo.org.ua/files/_(1).pdf.
- Ugolovno-protsessualnyiy kodeks Respubliki Belarus ot 16 iyulya 1999 g. No 295-З. URL: http://kodeksy.by/ugolovno-processualnyy-kodeks.
- Zakon pro ukhvalennia, zatverdzhennia ta nabuttia chynnosti Kryminalno-protsesualnoho kodeksu Lytovskoi Respubliky vid 14.03.2002 р. No I-785. URL: http://pravo.org.ua/files/_%282%29.pdf.
- Code de procédure pénale (Version consolidée au 12 avril 2019). URL: https://www.legi-france.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071154&dateTexte=20170531.
- Volokhy proty Ukrainy: Rishennia ECHR u spravi vid 02.11.2006 r. (zaiava No 23542/02). URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/974_138.
- Uzun proty Nimechchyny: Rishennia ECHR u spravi vid 02.09.2010 r. (zaiava No 35623/05). URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-118091.
- Kriuslen protyv Frantsyy: Rishennia ECHR u spravi vid 24.04.1990 r. (zaiava No 11801/85). URL: https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/SO0652.
- Matanovich proty Khorvatii: Rishennia ECHR u spravi vid 04.04.2017 r. (zaiava No 2742/12). URL: http://unba.org.ua/assets/uploads/publications/Pereklad_rishennya_evr_sudu_13072017.pdf.
- Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 URL: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/ 2000/23/contents.
- Kodeks postępowania karnego: ustawa z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. URL: http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19970890555/U/D19970555Lj.pdf.
- Ben Faiza proty Frantsii: Rishennia ECHR u spravi vid 08.02.2018 r. (zaiava No 31446/12). URL: http://unba.org.ua/publications/3016-espl-prijnyav-rishennya-u-spravi-ben-fajza-proti-francii.html.
- Ramanauskas protiv Litvy: Rishennia ECHR u spravi vid 05.02.2008 r. (zaiava No 74420/01). URL: https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/SO5138.
- Criminal Procedure Code of the Kingdom of Netherlands (as of 2012) (English version). URL: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/12/Netherlands/show.