Hydrodendron arboreum
Creators
Description
Hydrodendron arboreum (Allman, 1888)
Figure 11A–C
Halecium robustum Allman, 1888: 10, pl. 4, figs 1-3.- Stranks, 1993: 7.
Halecium arboreum Allman, 1888: 89 (= Halecium robustum).
Hydrodendron arboreum - Rees and Vervoort, 1987: 20. - Vervoort, 1987: 88, fig. 10.2.- Peña Cantero, 1991: 50, pl. 2, figs a-f, pl. 63, fig. a.- Branch and Williams, 1993: 11, fig. - Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa, 1996: 13, figs 2A-F, 63E.- Peña Cantero and García Carrasocosa, 1999: 212 et seq.
Hydrodendron arborea - Rees and Thursfield, 1965: 110.- Millard, 1977: 11, fig. 2E-G.
Ophiodissa arborea - Stechow, 1923a: 5.- Stechow, 1923b: 92.- Totton, 1930: 142, fig. 2a.- Briggs, 1939: 11.- Yamada, 1959: 35.- Vervoort, 1972: 25.- Blanco, 1994a: 156. - Blanco, 1994b: 188.
Ophiodes arboreus - Ritchie, 1913: 10, 15, figs 2-3.- Stechow, 1913a: 144. - Stechow, 1913b: 9, 87.- Billard, 1914: 8.- Jäderholm, 1919: 6, pl. 1, fig. 6. - Stepanjants, 1979: 110, pl. 21. fig. 1A-V. - Naumov, 1956: 464, 647.
Material examined. NMVF 147474, Station 105, five microslides displaying branch fragments; some preserved infertile fragments. NMV F147475, Station 107, one microslide of two branch fragments; some preserved fragmental material.
Description. Hydrorhiza a tangle of thin, tubular, rugose stolons Stem (or branch) fragments 10 - 20 mm long, thick and woody, irregularly fascicled; ultimatebranches monosiphonic; each new branch arising from side of a hydrophore; basal internode of some branches very long with several proximal constrictions, succeeding branch Internodes moderately long but variable, walls smooth, increasing slightly in diameter distally to hydrophore, nodes oblique to transverse, sloping away from hydrotheca, varying from a deep septum to a mere narrowing in perisarc, a tumescence above and often below node; longer internodes often with several weak proximal twists.
Hydrophores alternate, one on internode about two thirds distance up internode, length variable, hydrophore typically curving outwards at variable angles from internode, diameter about same internode; adnate to internode by a thick web of perisarc for three quarters of length then becoming free below hydrotheca; free part of hydrophore cylindrical, adcauline wallweaklyconvex, abcaulinewallstraighttoweaklyconcave; hydrophores typically in linear series, each arising from diaphragm of preceding hydrotheca.
Hydrotheca shallow saucer-shaped, expanding from diaphragm to margin; margin circular, rim everted in a flange; diaphragm transverse, strong, a row of desmocytes above; occasional replications of margin.
Nematophores sparse, randomly scattered on internodes, small, goblet-shaped with outrolled rim.
Perisarc of branches thick, thinner and fragile on younger hydrophores and hydrotheca.
Colour (preserved material) of older stems honey brown, younger branches pale yellowish to colourless.
Measurements (μm) Remarks. Many hydrothecae are damaged and reduced to a short collar just above the diaphragm. The few undamaged nematophores confirm the identity of the material as Hydrodendron arboreum Allman (1888). Allman (1888) and Totton (1930) describe large colonies to 25 cm high; the present fragmentary material may be branches of a similarly large colony.
Distribution. Exclusively Antarctic – Kerguelens, 192 m, McMurdo Sound 18 – 550 m, Gauss Station, Palmer Archipelago 92 m and Commonwealth Bay 100 – 545 m.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- NMV
- Family
- Haleciidae
- Genus
- Hydrodendron
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Leptothecata
- Phylum
- Cnidaria
- Scientific name authorship
- Allman
- Species
- arboreum
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Hydrodendron arboreum (Allman, 1888) sec. Watson, 2008
References
- Allman, G. J. 1888. Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamorphora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology 23: i-lxix, 1 - 90.
- Stranks, T. N. 1993. Catalogue of recent Cnidaria type specimens in the Museum of Victoria. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Victoria 6: 1 - 26.
- Rees, W. J., and Vervoort, W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209.
- Vervoort, W. 1987. Evaluation of taxonomic characters in the Hydroida, particularly in the Thecata (= Leptomedusae). In J. Bouillon, F. Boero, F. Cicogna and P. F. S. Cornelius (eds), Modern Trends in the Systematics, Ecology and Evolution of Hydroids and Hydromedusa e, Clarendon Press, Oxford: 83 - 103.
- Branch, M. L., and Williams, G. C. 1993. The Hydrozoa, Octocorallia and Scleractinia of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982 - 1989 University of Cape Town surveys. South African Journal of Antarctic Research 23: 3 - 24.
- Pena Cantero, A. L., and Garcia Carrascosa A. M. 1996. Hidrozoos bentonicos de la campana Antartida 8611. Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia. Publicaciones Especiales 19: 1 - 147.
- Pena Cantero A. L., and Garcia Carrasocosa, A. M. 1999. Biogeographical distribution of the benthic thecate hydroids collected during the Spanish ' Antartida 8611 ' expedition and comparison between Antarctic and Magellan benthic hydroid faunas. Scientia Marina 63 (suppl. 1): 209 - 218.
- Rees, W. J. and. Thursfield. S. 1965. The hydroid collections of James Ritchie. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 69: 34 - 220.
- Millard, N. A. H. 1977 a. The South African Museum's Meiring Naude cruises. Part 3. Hydroida. - Annals of the South African Museum 73: 105 - 131.
- Stechow, E. 1923 a. Die Hydroidenfauna der japanischen Region. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 44: 1 - 23
- Stechow, E. 1923 b. Zur Kenntis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittlemeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete. II. Teile. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik 47: 29 - 270
- Totton, A. K. 1930. Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report. British Antarctic Terra Nova Expedition 1910, Zoology 5: 131 - 252.
- Yamada, M. (1959). Hydroid fauna of Japanese and its adjacent waters. Publications from the Akkeshi Marine Biological Station 9: 1 - 101.
- Vervoort, W. 1972. Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 120: 1 - 247.
- Blanco, O. M. 1994 a. Claves de familias y generos para facilitar el reconocimiento de los Hydroida (Leptolina) Athecata, Thecata y LimnomedusaeArgentinos (generacionpolipoideexclusivamente). Revista del Museo de La Plata, new series 14, Zoologia 160: 147 - 179.
- Blanco, O. M. 1994 b. Enumeracion sistematica y distribucion geografica preliminar de los Hydroida de la Republica Argentina suborden Athecata (Gymnoblastea, Anthomedusae), Thecata (Calyptoblastea, Leptomedusae) y Limnomedusae. Revista del Museo de La Plata, new series 14, Zoologia 161: 181 - 216.
- Ritchie, J. 1913 b. The hydroid zoophytes collected by the British Antarctic Expedition of Sir Ernest Shackleton, 1908. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 33: 9 - 34.
- Stechow, E. 1913 a. Neue Genera thecater Hydroiden aus der Familie der Lafoeiden und neue Species von Thecaten aus Japan. Zoologischer Anzeiger 43: 137 - 144.
- Stechow, E., 1913 b. Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostkuste. II. Teil: Campanulariidae, Haleciidae, Lafoeidae, Campanulinidae und Sertulariidae, nebst Erganzungen zu den Athecata und Plumulariiidae. In F. Doflein, Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (supplement) 3: 1 - 162
- Billard, A. 1914. Hydroides. Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 1910), commandee par Ie Dr Jean Charcot: 1 - 34.
- Jaderholm, E. 1919. Zur Kenntis der Hydroidenfauna Japans. Arkiv for Zoologi 12: 1 - 34.
- Stepanjants, S. D. 1979. Gidroidy vod antarktiki i subantarktiki. In Rezul'taty biologicheskikh issledovanii Sovetskikh Antarkticheskikh Ekspeditsii, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei 22: 1 - 99.
- Naumov, D. V. 1956. O nesoglasovannosti napravleniya I skorosti evolyutsionnogo protsessa u raznykh pokoleni metageneticheskikh zhivotnykh. Doklady Akademiya Nauk SSSR 108: 558 - 561.