Fig. 11 in Octopus sinensis d'Orbigny, 1841 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae): Valid Species Name for the Commercially Valuable East Asian Common Octopus

Fig. 11. Map showing the approximate distribution of Octopus vulgaris and closely related species. Abbreviations: O. bimac., O. bimaculatus and O. bimaculoides (note that these two species are sympatric, with some segregation by depth, except that O. bimaculoides does not occur in the Sea of Cortez). Range for O. bimaculatus based on Ambrose (1997); O. bimaculoides, on Lang (1997); O. gibbsi, on O'Shea (1999); O. insularis, on Leite et al. (2008) and Amor et al. (2015); O. jollyorum, on Reid and Wilson (2015); O. maya, on Rosas et al. (2014); O. mimus, on Zúñiga et al. (2014); O. sinensis, on Sasaki (1929); O. tetricus and O. aff. tetricus, on Joll (1983) and Amor et al. (2014); and O. vulgaris, on Guerra et al. (2010). Note that the latter includes two distributions: one in the eastern North Atlantic and Mediterranean; and the other, here indicated as Octopus vulgaris (south), around the coast of South Africa and including Tristan da Cunha and the Amsterdam and St Paul Islands. The distribution of Octopus aff. vulgaris is based on that of the South American O. vulgaris clade sensu Leite et al. 2008. "?" indicates regions (southeast Asian waters; Indian Ocean; broader Caribbean) where the identity of species in the O. vulgaris complex is uncertain and requires further sampling and research. (Base map from www.geomapapp.org; Ryan et al. 2009).