Ixodes uriae White 1852

243. Ixodes uriae White, 1852.

A circumpolar species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Aves (several orders). There are rare records of adults from Carnivora: Mustelidae, and nymphs from Rodentia: Muridae. Ixodes uriae is a frequent parasite of humans.

M: Kramer and Neumann (1883), under the name Ixodes fimbriatus, a synonym of Ixodes uriae

F: White (1852)

N: Pickard-Cambridge (1876), under the name Hyalomma puta, another synonym of Ixodes uriae

L: Nuttall (1912) under the name Ixodes putus

Redescriptions

M: Olenev (1931a), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Dumbleton (1953), Gregson (1956), Roberts (1960, 1970), Arthur (1963, 1965), Wilson (1967 a, 1970), Filippova (1977), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984), Hillyard (1996), Lindquist et al. (2016), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017), Nava et al. (2017)

F: Olenev (1931a), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Dumbleton (1953), Gregson (1956), Roberts (1960, 1970), Arthur (1963, 1965), Wilson (1967 a, 1970), Filippova (1977), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984), Hillyard (1996), Lindquist et al. (2016), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017), Nava et al. (2017)

N: Cooley and Kohls (1945), Gregson (1956), Roberts (1960, 1970), Arthur (1963, 1965), Wilson (1970), Filippova (1977), Furman and Loomis (1984), Durden and Keirans (1996), Lindquist et al. (2016), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017), Nava et al. (2017)

L: Roberts (1960, 1969), Arthur (1963, 1965), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Wilson (1967 a, 1970), Filippova (1977), Furman and Loomis (1984), Webb et al. (1990), Márquez et al. (1992), Kleinjan and Lane (2008), Lindquist et al. (2016), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017); see note below

Note: historically Ixodes uriae has been regarded by several authors as a name that may comprise more than one species, but this situation is still unresolved. Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) found no reliable characters for separating the larva of Ixodes uriae from the same stage of species occurring in Europe and North Africa. Several redescriptions of Ixodes uriae under the synonyms Ceratixodes putus, Ceratixodes uriae or Ixodes putus are not included in the above lists. Guglielmone and Nava (2017) treat Ixodes uriae as a tick of evolutionary importance, hypothesizing that the parasitic ancestors of this species transitioned from Theropoda (feathered dinosaurs) to modern aquatic birds, finally dispersing as Ixodes uriae around the poles in the southern and northern hemispheres.