Phyllodoce Lamarck 1818

Genus Phyllodoce Lamarck, 1818

Type species. Phyllodoce laminosa Lamarck, 1818, by monotypy.

Phyllodoce Lamarck, 1818: 316–317.

Lepadorhynchus Schmarda, 1861: 88. Error for Lopadorrhynchus.

Phyllodoce Grube, 1878: 9. Error for Phyllodoce.

Carobia (Paracarobia) Czerniavsky, 1882: 158, in part.

Carobia (Protocacabia) Czerniavsky, 1882: 155, in part.

Globidoce Bergstr ̂m, 1914: 87. Error for Sphaerodoce Bergstr ̂m, 1914.

? Prophyllodoce Hartman, 1966: 187.

Zverlinum Averintsev, 1972: 106–107.

Phyllodoce (Aponaitides) McCammon & Montagner, 1979: 363–364.

Phyllouschakovius Blake, 1988: 254.

Sphaerodoce Berstr ̂m, 1914: 154.

Diagnosis (Emended after Pleijel 1991, additions in italics): Prostomium with a pair of antennae and palps (Fig. 2), nuchal papilla present, situated in posterior incision of prostomium (Fig. 3A). Eyes usually present (Fig. 2). Large retractile nuchal organs. Proboscis divided into proximal and distal parts (Fig. 3A). Proximal part with rounded to conical papillae, either in rows or diffusely distributed. Distal part with six rows of tubercles or (rarely) with papillae. All anterior segments separate, first segments may be dorsally covered by posterior part of prostomium. Chaetae present from segment 2 to 4. Segmental bands of cilia present. Parapodia uni- or (rarely) biramous. Dorsal cirri symmetrical or asymmetrical, with varied shapes i.e. lanceolate ( Fig. 4A), cordiform (Fig. 4C), rectangular (Fig. 4D), or rounded (Fig. 4F) with well-developed cirrophores (Fig. 4B) or without dorsal extensions. Dorsal cirri with a ciliated furrow on dorsal, posterior side. Prechaetal lobes bilobate, symmetrical, or asymmetrical. Postchaetal lobes usually rounded. Rostrum of chaetal shaft with a large number of teeth (Fig. 5A), proximally decreasing in size. Ventral cirri foliaceous, rounded (Fig. 4A), reniform, or lanceolate (Fig. 4C). Pygidial cirri pointed, cylindrical or slightly flattened (Fig. 5 B–D); median pygidial papilla usually absent.

Remarks. The genus Phyllodoce is the most species-rich in Phyllodocidae with 209 described species, though only 109 are deemed valid (Read & Fauchald 2019). Several species are known from incomplete specimens in which important characters have been insufficiently described and as such regarded as nomina dubia (Pleijel 1991). The most recent diagnosis was provided by Pleijel (1991), who considered the median pygidial papilla absent, although it is present in Phyllodoce tamoya sp. nov. and Phyllodoce colorata sp. nov. herein described.