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Coronavirus Disease Research Community - COVID-19
Published April 29, 2020 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Genomic and Biologic Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses

Creators

  • 1. Department of Medical Microbiology, Gulhane Medical Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey

Description

Özet

Koronaviruslar iyi tanımlanmış insan ve hayvan patojenleri olup, insanlarda başlıca solunum yolu enfeksiyonları ile ilişkilidirler. Sayıları 40’a yakın olan koronavirus türlerinden yedisi insan enfeksiyonları ile ilişkilidir. Bu virüslerden dördü (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43 ve HCoV-HKU1) mevsimsel enfeksiyonlara neden olan solunum yolları patojenleri iken, özellikle hastane salgınları ile karşımıza çıkan SARS-CoV ve MERS-CoV ise ciddi solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarına neden olan türler olarak ilk kez 2003 ve 2012 yıllarında tanımlandı. SARS-CoV ile genomik benzerliği nedeniyle Uluslararası Virüs Taksonomi Komitesi tarafından SARS-CoV-2 olarak adlandırılan yeni bir tür 2019 yılı sonlarında Çin’den başlayarak 3 ay içerisinde tüm dünyaya yayıldı. Gelişmiş ülkelerde sağlık sistemlerinin çöküşü ve dünya genelinde neden olduğu yaygın endişe ile dikkatleri üzerine çeken bu salgın ile ilgili hala öngörülemeyen birçok nokta bulunmaktadır. Virüsün genetiği ve biyolojisi, neden olduğu enfeksiyonun klinik seyri ve komplikasyonları, yeni aşı ve ilaç çalışmaları ve salgının boyutları ile ilgili literatüre yoğun bir şekilde her gün yeni bilgiler eklenmektedir. Bununla beraber virüsün koronavirus ailesindeki diğer virüs türleri ile paylaştığı birçok ortak özellik bulunmakta ve bunların bilinmesi SARS-CoV-2 salgınının nereye doğru gideceğini, aşıların olası yararlılıklarını veya mutasyon hızı gibi bilinmeyen ve endişelere neden olan konuların daha kolay anlaşılmasında önem taşımaktadır. Bu makalede koronavirusların genel biyolojik ve genetik özellikleri ele alınarak bunlardan bazılarının SARS-CoV-2 ile karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır.

Abstract

Coronaviruses are well-defined human and animal pathogens and are primarily associated with respiratory tract infections in humans. The number of coronavirus species is close to 40 and seven of which are associated with human infections. While four of these viruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1) are respiratory pathogens that cause seasonal infections, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which are especially encountered with hospital outbreaks, cause severe acute respiratory infections and discovered in 2003 and 2012, respectively. A new species named SARS-CoV-2 due to its genomic similarity with SARS-CoV by the International Virus Taxonomy Committee spread to all the countries of the world within 3 months starting from China at the end of 2019. There are many unpredictable points regarding this epidemic, which attracted attention due to the collapse of health systems in developed countries and widespread concern in the world. New information is intensively added to the literature on the genetics and biology of the virus, the clinical course and complications of the infection, new vaccine and drug studies, and the extent of the outbreak. However, there are many common features that the virus shares with other types of viruses in the coronavirus family, and knowing them is important for easier understanding of unknown and anxious issues such as where the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is going, the possible benefits of the vaccines, or the rate of mutation. In this article, general biological and genetic characteristics of coronaviruses are discussed and some of them are compared with SARS-CoV-2.

Notes

SARS-Cov-2 ve Diğer Koronavirusların Genomik ve Biyolojik Özellikleri

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