Phyllodoce madeirensis Langerhans 1880

Phyllodoce cf. madeirensis Langerhans, 1880

Figures 22–24

Phyllodoce (Anaitis) madeirensis Langerhans, 1880: 307–308, pl. 17, fig. 44. — Hartman 1959: 143, fig. 159.

Phyllodoce (Anaitis?) sanctaevincentis McIntosh, 1885: 166–167, pl. 27, fig. 9, pl. 14A, figs 14–15.

Phyllodoce (Anaitis) madeirensis Langerhans, 1880: 307–308, pl. 17, fig. 44. — Hartman 1959: 143, fig. 159.

Phyllodoce (Anaitis?) sanctaevincentis McIntosh, 1885: 166–167, pl. 27, fig. 9, pl.14A, figs 14–15.

Phyllodoce oculata Ehlers, 1887: 135–140, pl. 40, figs 4–6. — Treadwell 1901: 191; 1924: 9; 1939: 203–204, fig 31. — Augener 1925: 23–24 (synonymized with Phyllodoce (Anaitides) erythrophylla).— Monro 1930: 73, fig. 20.— Hartman 1938: 6; 1959: 163.— Perkins & Savage 1975: 27.

Phyllodoce madeirensis Fauvel 1914: 111–113, pl. 6: figs 5–13; 1919: 361–354, fig. 2 (synonymy); 1923: 150–151, fig. 53D–H; 1932: 70.— Okuda 1937: 269–270, fig. 10.—Wesenberg–Lund 1949: 272–273.— Hartman 1959: 163.— Amoureux 1977: 398.

Phyllodoce varia Treadwell, 1928, pl. 467, figs 69–70.

Phyllodoce (Anaitides) madeirensis. Fauvel 1934: 18; 1953: 120–121, fig. 59D–H.—? Berkeley & Berkeley 1942: 189.— Friedrich 1956: 57–58.— Fauvel & Rullier 1957: 60–62.— Day 1960: 296–297; 1967: 145, fig. 5.2D–G; 1973: 23.— Ushakov 1972: 138, pl. 6: figs 7–8.—Amoureux 1973: 436; 1974: 130; 1982: 36.— Perkins & Savage 1975: 27.— Gardiner 1976: 115, figs 7Q, 8A–C. — Fauchald 1977b: 15.

Anaitides minuta Treadwell, 1937: 148, pl. 2, figs 16–18.

Mystides gracilis Treadwell, 1941: 27–28, figs 5–7.

Anaitides madeirensis. Hartman 1956: 266, 275; 1959: 143; 1961: 12; 1968: 231–232, figs 1–3.— Imajima & Hartman 1964 in part.— Nonato & Luna 1970: 66–67, 101, figs 5–8.— Perkins & Savage 1975: 26.— Fauchald 1977a: 14.— Gathof 1984: 19–39, figs 19–33, 19–34.—Hartmann-Schr̂der 1979: 66, 71, fig. 17; 1982: 8.

Material examined. 34 specimens, length 31.3± 21.2 mm for 99.6± 54.39 segments. Revizee Score South continental shelf: 28º58.00’S 48º29.40’W, 100 m, 22 Mar 1998 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16320). Itiberê River, Pontal do Sul, Paraná, Brazil, 0.0 m, 3 Apr 2009, 25°32’46”S 48°22’43”W (1 specimen. ZHMD 2383). Continental shelf in Campos Basin: Hab 1, Dregging 35, 55.1 m, 12 Apr 2008 (1 specimen, NHMD–2381); Hab 1 Drag 42, 22º27’23.4S 41º9’34.5”W, 48.2 m, 13 Apr 2008 (8 specimens, ZUEC–POL 16334); Hab 1 Drag 26, 23º0’39.4”S 40º58’3.5”W, 96.6 m, 12 Apr 2008 (4 specimens, ZUEC–POL 16335); Hab 1 Drag 37, 22º03’18.3”S 40º12’29.3”W, 63.7 m, 24 Apr 2008 (1 specimens. ZUEC–POL 16429); Hab 07 D06 R1, 22º33’35.6”S 40º26’38.9”W, 396.1 m, 8 Jul 2008 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16332); Hab 16 Foz 41 R1, 21º45’15.6”S 40º14’4.0”W, 67 m, 8 Jul 2009 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16431). Hab 13 I02 R1, 21º22’58.9”S 40º19’42.3”W, 52 m, 5 Mar 2009 (2 specimens, ZUEC–POL 16393); Hab 13 I02 R2, 21º23’2.2”S 40º15’ 9.4”W, 147 m, 6 Mar 2009 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16363); Hab 13 Foz 41 R1, 21º45’14.2”S 40º14’7.9”W, 67 m, 14 Mar 2009 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16550); Hab 13 Foz 41 R3, 21º45’13.9S 40º14’7.1”W, 67 m, 14 Mar 2009 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16552). Continental slope in the Campos Basin: Hab 7 I06 R1, 21º13’38.1”S 41º14’58.1”W, 417.6 m, 6 Jul 2008 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16427); Hab 7 F07 R2, 22º20’50.7”S, 40º2’58.1”W, 705.2 m, 7 Jul 2008 (1 specimen, NHMD–865953); Hab 7 H07 R2, 21º41’11.6”S 40º2’20.6”W, 100 m, 7 Jul 2008 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16323); Hab 7 D6 R1, 22º33’35.6”S 40º26’38.9”W, 396. 1 m, 9 Jul 2008 (1 specimen, NHMD–865952); Hab 9 G07 R1, 22º7’39.8S 39º54’15.0”W, 680 m, 8 Jan 2009 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16444); Hab 9 F06 R3, 22º19’10.2”S 40º5’42.8”W, 400 m, 10 Jan 2009 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16446); Hab 8 E07 R1, 22º27’2.5”S 40º9’ 50.4”W, 701 m, 31 Jan 2009 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16345); Hab 8 E06 R3, 22º25’59.3”S 40º17’ 33.3”W, 387.1 m, 31 Jan 2009 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16344); Hab 8 F07 R1, 22º19’45.7”S 40º1’ 41.5”W, 701.7 m, 31 Jan 2009 (1 specimen, ZUEC–POL 16351); Hab 8 D02 R2, 22º33’35.1”S, 40º26’37.4”W, 4001 m, 31 Jan 2009 (1 specimen, NHMD–865954), Brazil.

Holotype. BMNH 1885.12.1.130, off St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands, Cape Verde (not examined).

Diagnosis. A row of four papillae in median-dorsal proximal part of proboscis. Anterior and median dorsal cirri lanceolate with tapered distal end and posterior dorsal cirri foliaceous.

Description of Brazilian specimens. Body long, dorso-ventrally flattened and tapered posteriorly. Prostomium cordiform, elongated, with distinct nuchal papilla. Nuchal organ club-shaped, in latero-posterior margins reaching cirrophore of first pair of tentacular cirri. Paired antennae and palps short, frontal, conical and of similar lengths. Antennae and palps 1/4 of prostomial length (Fig. 22A). One pair of dark eyes, subepidermal, with lenses. Proboscis basally with 12 longitudinal rows of rounded papillae, six rows on each side, with about 8–13 papillae per row, and one longitudinal row of six rounded mid-dorsal papillae separated by dorso-lateral and median-ventral non-papillated areas; distal region with six longitudinal rows of tubercles. Terminal ring with 17 semicircular papillae; each papilla with longitudinal rows of micropapillae (Fig. 22 A–C). Segment 1 partially visible dorsally (Fig. 22D). Four pairs of cylindrical tentacular cirri, biarticulated with short and ringed cirrophores and long cirrostyles, located on first three segments (Fig. 22 E–F). Tentacular cirri of segment 1 reaching segment 7. Dorsal and ventral tentacular cirri of segment 2 reaching segments 5 and 3, respectively. Dorsal tentacular cirri of segment 3 extending to segment 9. Neuropodia and ventral cirri from segment 3. Dorsal cirri with well-developed asymmetrical cirrophores with dorsal extensions on median parapodia, from segment 4. Dorsal cirri asymmetrical and lanceolate anteriorly, cirri of median segments lanceolate with tapered distal extremities and posterior cirri foliaceous. Dorsal cirri approximately twice as long as ventral cirri. Parapodial lobes shorter than dorsal and ventral cirri, with light-brown aciculae and bundles of chaetae. Prechaetal lobes bilobed; postchaetal lobes asymmetrical and rounded. Ventral cirri horizontally oriented in relation to lobes, from segment 3, asymmetrical and dorso-ventrally flattened; anterior ventral cirri rounded, median cirri lanceolate with elongated edges and posterior ones lanceolate with rounded edges (Fig. 23 A–D). Chaetae compound spinigerous from segment 4. Chaetal shaft with rostrum surrounded with denticles; articles with serrated outer edges (Fig. 24 A–B). Pygidium with a pair of cylindrical anal cirri (Fig. 24C).

Colour. Some preserved specimens lack pigmentation in antennae and prostomium. Most specimens have segments with median-dorsal dark pigmentation (Fig. 22A).

Habitat. Rocky and sand-muddy substrates between 52 and 702 m.

Distribution. This species is considered to have a cosmopolitan distribution but it is more common in temperate and tropical waters. This wide occurrence is unlikely and most records should be revisited by integrating molecular and morphological analyses. In the Brazilian coast, it has been recorded in the continental shelf in Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro and in the continental shelf off the southern coast. Mountford (1991) also considered the species as cosmopolitan, occurring in the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, Africa, in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Remarks. Material identified as P. cf. madeirensis from Brazil and California presented longitudinal rows of papillae in the terminal ring and discrete annulations in the cirrophores of tentacular cirri and these characters were not reported in previous descriptions of this species. According to Viéitez et al. (2004), the morphological differences between P. madeirensis and P. lamelligera (Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1788) are related to the morphology of the papillae, which are cylindrical in the terminal ring of the proboscis in P. madeirensis and hexagonal in P. lamelligera. Despite the similar colouration patterns between P. madeirensis, P. erytrophylla, and Phyllodoce oculata, Mountford (1991) considered P. oculata a junior synonym of P. madeirensis and distinct from P. erythrophylla, because of the colouration patterns between these species and absence of papillae in the median-dorsal area of the proboscis.

The examined specimens of P. madeirensis from the Brazilian coast presented the proboscidial terminal ring with 17 papillae, in agreement with previous descriptions (e.g. Viéitez et al. 2004), although a terminal ring with 16 papillae has also been recorded (Mountford 1991). Nevertheless, most descriptions emphasize the number and distribution of papillae in the proximal region of the proboscis but these are difficult to observe and dependent on how the specimens were preserved.

Phyllodoce cf. madeirensis shares the presence of chaetae from segment 4 with P. tupana sp. nov., P. thalia sp. nov., P. brasiliensis sp. nov., P. longipes, P. erythrophylla, and P. medipapillata, however, these differ by the lanceolated dorsal cirri (Mountford 1991; Viéitez et al. 2004). Both species P. cf. madeirensis and P. colorata sp. nov. have the papillae from the terminal proboscidial ring with micropapillae but they differ by the presence of regular rows of papillae in the proximal part of the proboscis of the former. P. cf. madeirensis differs from P. concava sp. nov., P. lamella sp. nov., P. ovalis sp. nov., and Phyllodoce sp. B. by the presence of eyes, asymmetry of parapodial lobes, lanceolate dorsal cirri, and cylindrical anal cirri. The cylindrical anal cirri is also a distinctive character difference between P. cf. madeirensis and P. medipapillata, which both occur in the Atlantic Ocean (Blake 2001).