RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED BONE MINERAL DENSITY

Introduction: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and damaged structural integrity that lead to increased risk of bone fracture. Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disorder in which low bone mass and deterioration of bone architecture occur. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to find those risk factors which are associated with decreased bone mineral density. Methodology of the study: This descriptive study was conducted at Sialkot Medical Complex during July 2019 to January 2020. One hundred patients were selected for this study analysis.  Demographic data collected at the time of study inclusion were age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), menstrual status, and age at menopause. Result: A total of 100 patients (mean age 34.6 years, range 22-49) were included in the study, 75 men (58.3%, mean age 37.1, range 24-49) and 25 women (41.7%, mean age 31.24, range 22-45). Average T score of the osteopaeniac group is -1.41 (SD; 0.354). Prevalence of osteopaenia is seen more in people who are more than 50 years of age, females, and people with low BMI, people who are usually not exposed to sunlight and who are mostly bound to houses. Conclusion: It is concluded that decreased BMD is associated with increasing age, female gender, low BMI, little exposure to sun light and being restrained to homes.