PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT AND PRIORITIES OF TRANSFORMATION EFFORTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA

Problem setting. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) on the peculiarities of the
development of state-building processes, transformations of political regimes in its
individual countries, manifestations of tendencies to combine heterogeneous factors of
endogenous and exogenous nature in the dynamics of change and interaction of institutional,
social or economic factors and geopolitical changes. interests, continues to be the focus
of scientific attention of specialists in various fields of knowledge. LAC – a region in which, perhaps, the most amplitude in terms of content parameters, quantitative indicators.
«markers» appear in relation to their perspective significance and the degree of further
actualization of the manifestation of «fluid modernity» (Z. Bauman), at its various levels
and in the contexts of conceptual shifts of political and legal significance. Against the
background of the general theoretical basis of institutionalism in its versions of neoinstitutionalism,
historical institutionalism, or other methodological approaches with their
special attention to the importance of constitutional formatting of the sum of social
relations, innovation and experiments in the region on constitutional creativity show a wide
range of research. In connection with the divergent development of constitutional law in
the LAC countries in recent decades, according to the director of the Institute of Comparative
Constitutional Law. Max Planck, Armin von Bogdandi; “… Latin America is a region
where the question of the future of constitutionalism is being discussed». There are also
manifestations of a special historical subtext in the region: its countries have long been
involved in various geopolitical confrontations, including those with a pronounced
ideological coloration, and traditionalist collectivist values are sometimes paradoxically
combined with liberal-democratic individualism. Unfortunately, the region is a clear
example not only of significant changes in improving the quality of socio-political life, the
introduction of positive institutional solutions and the adoption of new standards of
economic existence – it still today, with significant differences across countries, remains
the most brutal and repressive in the world. Against this heterogeneous background, in our
opinion, some aspects of the successful experience of building the national-state life of the
Republic of Costa Rica (Spanish: República de Costa Rica) deserve research interest.
Recent research and publications analysis. In the article, in connection with the subject
multidimensionality of the topic, an interdisciplinary scientific approach was used, which,
in turn, led to the involvement of general scientific research methods and special theoretical
and methodological developments of representatives of various fields of scientific knowledge.
Regarding the foundations, tendencies and features of constitutional creativity, a significant
role was played by fundamental research and scientific experience of domestic constitutional
scholars, M. P. Orzikh, V. P. Kolisnyk, Yu. G. Barabash, N. V. Mishina, M. V. Savchina,
theorists of state and law I. V. Protsyuk, D. V. Lukyanov, L. I. Kormich, M. V. Serebro.
Regarding the formation of the fields of modern conflict, their representation in social
reality and in the contexts of the idea of development and institutionalization of strategies,
used multifaceted research material of scientific developments of representatives of political
science and sociology L. M. Herasina, M. P. Trebin, I. D. Denisenko, M. A. Polevoy,
V. Yu. Karasev, G. M. Kuts, O. I. Tkach, and foreign authors representing a wide range of
research both purely humanitarian and political and legal in nature – Z. Bauman, Ul. Beck,
R. Gargarella, M. Mann, G. Negretto, H. Montero, Z. V. Ivanovsky, T. O. Vorotnikova,
P. Blocker, E. S. Cortes, others. Materials and statistical data of separate international
funds and research institutions, official sites of the state of the Republic of Costa Rica are
used in the work. the country’s media.
Paper objective. The purpose of this work is to establish the nature and essence of
transformation processes in the Republic of Costa Rica, to find out the substantive basis
of the country’s development strategy. The task is to identify and analyze certain parameters of state-building transformations in separate projections of constitutional and legal activity,
its institutional representation in political processes and public life, to single out key ideas,
mechanisms and directions of their implementation on building a successful national-state
project «clean life, happy country» in the present and in relation to the vision of future
prospects.
Paper main body. Regarding the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the way of life
in the Republic of Costa Rica and, above all, the characteristics of the constitutional
process, we note that against the background of other countries in the region, it has not
resorted to constitutional replacement since the mid-20th century. the day is in force the
Basic Law of 1949 – Constitución Política De la República De Costa Rica. Regarding its
main connotations, we can only note that a certain liberal-democratic content is
paradoxically combined with ideological and instrumental openness and readiness to
reproduce public demands and non-liberal nature of the socially protected way of life of
all segments of the population, which leaves room for current political and legal
«maneuvers» in the legal field set by the Constitution and allows to adjust the strategic
dimensions of the political process in the direction of «connection» of broad social
programs. led by representatives of local elites who are especially responsible for the
implementation of the national-state project, who, in the end, agreed on a vision of the
strategic principles of development of the Republic of Costa Rica. Thus began the
implementation of a unique project – «clean life» (and «happy country» – Spanish: Pura
vida, país feliz). The country has long emphasized the development of education, health
care, housing. In our opinion, the significant difference in the whole meaningful vector of
the country’s development is manifested, first of all, in the long-term consolidated position
of local elites on the vision of the future, understanding of the strategy of re-creation.
Conclusions of the research. The main factors of success in the strategy of development
of the Republic of Costa Rica: for a long time coordinated and strategically adjusted in
the defined basic parameters of constitutional lawmaking and public consent work of
a particularly socially responsible group, which in this case can be described as a strategic
elite for the national-state project of common good, creation of social comfort zones,
environmental security, confidence in the future and further joint social measures to form
a general social solidarity around the national project – clean life, happy country – subject
to the assertion of procedural respect for the mechanisms of mutual communication along
the line of social demand, processing, output (D. Easton’s theory ), in a democracy and on
the basis of following constitutional and legal norms.