Modeling and Optimal Control of a Hydrogen Storage System for Wind Farm Output Power Smoothing

This paper proposes an output power smoothing strategy for a grid-connected wind-hydrogen plant. An Energy Storage System (ESS) composed of an electrolyzer and a fuel cell is used to smooth the fluctuating output power of the wind plant. The aim of this study is to propose a multi-objective optimization model for joint wind farm and energy storage operation, to smooth the wind power output, and to track a load demand subject to a variety of constraints on the system model. Based on modelling adopting mixed-integer constraints and dynamics, the problem of output power fluctuations and smooth tracking of load demand is solved through the implementation of an optimal controller which follows a sequential optimization technique. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller with a simulation example, employing real equipment data and wind profiles.