Gimnomera tibialis

Gimnomera tibialis (Malloch)

(Figs 13, 14, 19, 24, 28, 37)

Dasypleuron tibialis Malloch, 1919: 79. Type locality: Collinson Point, Alaska, USA.

Gimnomera tibialis: Vockeroth, 1965: 840 (new combination).

Cochliarium sibiricum Engelmark, 1999: 164. Type locality: Wrangel Island, Russia (Ozerov 2019, new synonym). Gimnomera sibirica: Šifner, 2008: 134 (new combination).

Diagnosis. This Holarctic species is characterized by its variable number of pre- and postsutural dorsocentral setae ranging from 2–4 and by the male terminalia with its tapered apical projection on the cercus, hatchet-shaped surstylus and teardrop-shaped pregonite with two setae. Other populations have rows of pale dorsocentral and acrostichal setulae and only a single postsutural dorsocentral seta. Gimnomera tibialis is similar in appearance to the Nearctic species G. aquilonia, G. cuneiventris and G. subvittata because of similarities in body colour, but can be distinguished by the greater number of dorsocentrals with one in G. cuneiventris and two in G. subvittata. Gimnomera tibialis can also be distinguished by the shape of the male cercus, which is cup-shaped in G. aquilonia; triangularshaped with apical protrusions in G. cuneiventris and triangular-shaped with apical and lateral protrusions in G. subvittata.

Redescription. Male. Body: Primarily brown to black; pleura brown toblack; scutum black; entire body dusted with white pruinosity. Head with face black and gena black, often with yellowish oval central patch in genal groove; genal width slightly less than 1⁄4 eye height; postgena black. Frontal vitta yellow-orange darken to black towards ocellar triangle; fronto-orbital plate black blending to yellow anteriorly; parafacial black to yellowish brown. Frontoorbital plate with 4 inclinate frontal setae and 1 proclinate, 2 lateroclinate orbital setae, 1 pair of strong lateroclinate ocellar setae, 1 pair of divergent postocellar setae; 1 long inclinate inner vertical seta, 1 long lateroclinate outer vertical seta. Gena with 1–2 supravibrissal setae not equal in size to vibrissa; 1 strong vibrissa; 4–9 variably lengthened subvibrissal setae, 1–2 subequal to vibrissa. Antenna with postpedicel black, about twice as long as pedicel; scape and pedicel black or pale, pedicel with 1 stout seta along ptilinal fissure; arista black and pubescent. Palpus yellow with long thin black setae and pale pruinescence. Thorax with scutal setae black; acrostichal setae biserial, finer and paler than dorsocentrals; 2–4 presutural and 3–4 postsutural dorsocentral setae or rows of setulae and 1 prescutellar dorsocentral seta; usually 2 (sometimes 1) posterior postpronotal setae and two rows of 20+ short, stout, erect postpronotal setae on anterior margin of postpronotum and scutum, anterior setae variable in thickness; 1 fine presutural intra-alar setae, 2 notopleural setae, 1 postsutural fine intra-alar seta, 2 postsutural supra-alar setae, 2 postalar setae. Pleura with 2 proepisternal setae; 1 proepimeral seta; 2–3 posterior anepisternal setae and numerous anepisternal setulae; 1 posterodorsal katepisternal seta; posterior 2⁄3 of anepisternum, katepisternum and anepimeron with long, pale setulae. Wing (length 3.3–4.0 mm) clear, infuscate; R 1 with setulae on apical 1⁄4 above (Fig. 28); CuA+CuP ending just short of wing margin. Halter white or light brown. Legs variable in colour, entirely yellow, entirely black, or entirely brown; femur and tibia brown/black, tarsi yellow; femur and tibia brown/black, tarsi brown; femur brown/ black, part of tibia black and yellow, tarsi black/brown. All coxae black. Fore femur with long, white ventral pile; 1 preapical anterodorsal seta; 3 posterodorsal setae on apical 1⁄3. Fore tibia with 1 preapical dorsal seta; 1 preapical posterior seta; 1 mid-length posterior seta and 1 preapical ventral seta. Mid femur with long, white ventral pile; 3 anterodorsal apical setae; 1 anterior seta on apical 1⁄3; 1 dorsal seta on apical 1⁄3; 1 posterior seta on apical 1⁄3. Mid tibia with 1 preapical dorsal seta; 1 mid-length anterodorsal seta; 1 preapical anterior seta; 1 preapical ventral seta and 1 mid ventral seta. Hind femur with long, white pile; 2 dorsal setae on apical 1⁄3; 1 anterodorsal seta on apical 1⁄3. Hind tibia with 1 preapical dorsal seta; 2 anterodorsal setae on basal 1⁄2; 1 preapical ventral seta. Tarsi with short, white ventral pile; at basal end of each segment short black setae present. Abdominal tergites black/brown, clothed with thin black setulae. Abdominal sternites black/brown. Sternite 5 with 2 large, divergent rectangular processes. Apical margin of processes with short stiff black setae. Terminalia (Figs 13, 14) with epandrium black; surstylus dark yellow to brown; cercus brown to black; hypandrium black. Surstylus longer than cercus, never fully meeting beneath cercus; trough-shaped with indent facing cercus; posterior fold surpassing anterior fold; apical end in posterior view triangular in shape; in lateral view very broad and apical end triangular in shape; setae along inner fold. Cercus elongate heart-shape fused apically; laterally smooth with no protrusions and folded inward slightly. Pregonite slender, undivided, apical end with 4 variably lengthened black setae and pointed posteriorly. Postgonite subequal to pregonite; positioned dorsally to pregonite; apical end curved ventrally and pointed.

Female. Similar to male (Fig. 18), except gena with 1 strong vibrissa; 4–6 variably lengthened subvibrissal setae. Terminalia as described in generic diagnosis; membrane between tergites and sternites 7 and 8 with large dark spines (Fig. 24).

Type material examined. Gimnomera sibiricum (not examined).

Gimnomera tibialis: HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ Type / Dasypleuron / tibialis Mall. / No. 1189 [red label]”; “Collinson Pt [69°59′01.01′′N 114°54′30.35′′W]/ June 20/ Alaska ”; “ Canadian / Arctic / Expedition / F.J. 1914”; “1167 [dissected]” (CNC).

Additional material examined. CANADA. Alberta: Banff NP [51°29′39.8′′N 115°56′00.8′′W], 17.vii.1955, R. Coyles (3♀, 3♂, CNC); Banff NP [51°29′39.8′′N 115°56′00.8′′W], 17.vii.1955, J. R. McGillis (1♀, CNC); Highwood Summit, Kananasksis-Coleman [50°35′58.6′′N 114°59′14.2′′W], 14.viii.1955, J. R. McGillis (1♀, CNC); Ptarmigan Lake [51°29′46.2′′N 116°04′38.2′′W], 26.vii.1962, W. R. M. Mason (1♀, CNC); Snow Ck Pass, Banff NP [51°29′39.8′′N 115°56′00.8′′W], 8.vii.1962, K.C. Hermann (3♀, 8♂, CNC); Snow Ck Pass, Banff NP [51°29′39.8′′N 115°56′00.8′′W], 8.vii.1962, W. R. M. Mason (2♀, 1♂, CNC); same data except, 20.vii.1962 (1♀, 4♂, CNC); same data except, 24.vii.1962 (4♂, CNC); Snow Ck Pass, Banff NP [51°29′39.8′′N 115°56′00.8′′W], 20.vii.1962, K.C. Hermann (1♀, 1♂, CNC); same data except, 24.vii.1962 (1♀, CNC); same data except, 28.vii.1962 (4♀, 8♂, CNC); same data except, 13.viii.1962 (1♂, CNC); Sunwapta Pass, Banff-Jasper [52°12′52.2′′N 117°09′33.8′′W], 9.vii.1995, R. Coyles (1♂, CNC); Sunwapta Pass [52°12′52.2′′N 117°09′33.8′′W], 1.viii.1962, K.C. Herman (2♂, CNC). British Columbia: Apex Mt, Penticton [52°12′55.3′′N 117°49′30.6′′W], 26.vii.1967, J. R. Vockeroth (1♀, 2♂, CNC); Atlin [59°34′40.7′′N 133°41′23.4′′W], 8.vii.1955, B.A. Gibbard (1♀, CNC); Summit Lake [54°16′52.2′′N 122°38′31.6′′W], 1.vii.1959, R. E. Leech (1♀, 2♂, CNC); same data except, 6.vii.1959 (1♂, CNC); same data except, 16.vii.1959 (1♀, CNC); same data except, 2–4.vii.1959, E.E. MacDougall (1♀, CNC); same data except, 15.vii.1959 (1♀, CNC); Tunjony, 58°26ʹN 132°45ʹW, 18, 22.vii.1960, W.W. Moss (1♀, CNC). Manitoba: Churchill [58°46′04.3′′N 94°10′30.1′′W], 25.vi.1930, O. Bryant (1♂, USNM); Churchill [58°46′04.3′′N 94°10′30.1′′W], 18– 29.vi.1948, G.E. Shewell (2♀, 10♂, CNC); Churchill [58°46′04.3′′N 94°10′30.1′′W], 10–20.vi.1952, J.G. Chillcott (2♀, 6♂, CNC); same data except, 4.viii.1952 (1♂, CNC); Churchill [58°46′04.3′′N 94°10′30.1′′W], 12.vi.1952, C.D. Bird (1♂, CNC); same data except, 17.vi.1952 (1♂, CNC); Wapusk NP, 58°43′23.16′′N 93°27′34.92′′W, 13– 20.vii.2014, D. Iles (2♂, CBG). Newfoundland and Labrador: Cartwright [53°42′23.6″N 57°01′25.3′′W], 26.vi.1955, E.F. Cashman (1♀, CNC); same data except, 20.vii.1955 (1♂, CNC); Torngat Mountains NP, 58°27′2.52′′N 62°47′53.16′′W, 5 m, 5–9.viii.2013, D. Whitaker (1♀, CBG); same data except, 13–20.vii.2014 (4♀, 6♂, CBG); same data except, 28.vii.–8.vii.2014 (2♀, CBG). Northwest Territories: Aulavik NP, 73°13′41.52′′N 119°33′4.32″W, 34 m, 2–7.vii.2014, Parks Canada (1♀, 2♂, CBG); Aulavik NP, 73°13′41.52″N 119°33′4.32″W, 39 m, 2–7.vii.2014, Parks Canada (1♀, CBG); Banks Is., Aulavik NP, 73°13′18.516′′N 119°33′38.124″W, Repl. 1 mesic, Malaise, 7–11.vii.2011, NBP field party (2♀, LEM); same data except, 73°13′26.832″N 119°33′9.18′′W, Repl. 1 wet, pan traps (10♂, LEM); same data except, Repl. 1 wet, Malaise (5♀, 8♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′35.616′′N 119°34′38.208″W, Repl. 2 mesic, pan traps (1♀, 16♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′42.78″N 119°35′11.832″W, Repl. 3 mesic, pan traps (1♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′54.948″N 119°34′59.88′′W, Repl. 3 wet, pan traps (3♀, 70♂, LEM); same data except (5♂, barcoded, LEM); same data except, 73°13′58.224″N 119°32′49.884″W, Repl. 2 wet, pan traps (3♀, 16♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′35.616″N 119°34′38.208″W, Repl. 2 mesic, sweep, 10.vii.2011 (2♀, 1♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′58.224′′N 119°32′49.884′′W, Repl. 2 wet, sweep, 13.vii.2011 (2♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′26.832″N 119°33′9.18″W, Repl. 1 wet, pan traps, 11–15.vii.2011 (4♀, 8♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′35.616″N 119°34′38.208″W, Repl. 2 mesic, pan traps (4♀, 7♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′58.224″N 119°32′49.884′′W, Repl. 2 wet, pan traps (7♀, 23♂, LEM); same data except, Repl. 2 wet, Malaise (2♀, LEM); same data except, 73°13′54.948″N 119°34′59.88′′W, Repl. 3 wet pan traps (12♀, 46♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′54.948″N 119°34′59.88′′W, Repl. 2 or 3 wet, pan traps (2♂, barcoded, LEM); same data except, 73°13′35.616′′N 119°34′38.208′′W, Repl. 2 mesic, pan traps, (1♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′26.832′′N 119°33′9.18′′W, Repl. 1 wet, pan traps, 15–19.vii.2011, NBP filed party (3♀, 3♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′35.616″N 119°34′38.208″W, Repl. 2 mesic, pan traps (1♀, 1♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′42.78′′N 119°35′11.832″W, Repl. 3 mesic, pan traps (1♀, LEM); same data except, 73°13′54.948″N 119°34′59.88″W, Repl. 3 wet, Malaise (8♀, 8♂, LEM); same data except, Repl. 3 wet, pan traps (1♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′42.78″N 119°35′11.832″W, Repl. 3 mesic, Malaise (4♀, LEM); same data except, 73°13′58.224″N 119°32′49.884″W, Repl. 2 wet, pan traps (7♂, LEM); same data except, 73°13′42.78″N 119°35′11.832″W, 19.vii.2011 (1♀, LEM); Hinde Lake, 61°12ʹN 103°40ʹW, 8–9.vii.1966, J.G. Chillcott (1♀, CNC); Kidluit Bay, Richards Island, [69°30′53.9′′N 133°48′56.1′′W], 25–28.vii.1948, J. R. Vockeroth (1♀, 1♂, CNC); Masik River, Banks Is. [71°35′24.8″N 123°24′58.7″W], 4–18.vii.1968, W. R. M. Mason (2♀, 6♂, CNC); same data except, 31.vii.1968, G.E. Shewell (1♀, CNC); Tuktoyaktuk [69°26′40.2′′N 133°02′19.6″W], 17–25.vi.1971, D.M. Wood (2♀, CNC); same data except, 2–5.vii.1971 (1♀, CNC); Tuktoyaktuk [69°26′40.2″N 133°02′19.6″W], 15.vii.1971, W. R. M. Mason (2♂, CNC); Victoria Is., 71°17′N 114°W, 1–10.vii.1975, G. & M. Wood (5♀, 4♂, CNC); same data except, 23–30.vii.1975 (8♀, 28♂, CNC). Nunavut: Cambridge Bay [69°07′05.0″N 105°03′26.1′′W], 22.vi.1950, G.K. Sweatman (1♂, CNC); Cambridge Bay [69°07′05.0′′N 105°03′26.1′′W], 11.vii.1950, E.H.N. Smith (2♀, CNC); same data except, 15.vii.1950 (1♂, CNC); Cambridge Bay, 69°7′11.748″N 105°25′14.34′′W, Repl. 1 mesic, pan traps, 7–11.vii.2011, NBP field party (1♂, LEM); same data except, Repl. 1 mesic, Malaise (3♀, 6♂, LEM); same data except, 69°7′25.176′′N 105°25′31.116″W, Repl. 3 wet, pan traps (1♀, LEM); same data except, 69°7′14.52′′N 105°25′32.952″W, Repl. 2 mesic, Malaise, 11–15.vii.2011 (4♂, LEM); same data except, 69°7′20.1′′N 105°25′18.876″W, Repl. 2 wet, Malaise (3♀, 1♂, LEM); same data except, Repl. 2 wet, pan traps (3♂, LEM); same data except, 69°7′25.176″N 105°25′31.116″W, Repl. 3 wet, pan traps (1♂, LEM); same data except, 69°7′20.1′′N 105°25′18.876″W, Repl. 2 wet, sweep, 13.vii.2011 (1♂, LEM); same data except, 69°7′25.176′′N 105°25′31.116″W, Repl. 3 wet, sweep, 15.vii.2011 (1♂, LEM); same data except, 69°7′25.176″N 105°25′31.116″W, Repl. 3 wet, Malaise, 15–19.vii.2011 (1♀, 3♀, LEM); same data except, 15–18.vii.2011 (1♂, LEM); same data except, 69°7′17.652″N 105°25′52.464′′W, Repl. 3 mesic, Malaise, 15–19.vii.2011 (1♂, LEM); same data except, 69°7′25.176′′N 105°25′31.116′′W, Repl. 3 wet, pan traps (1♂, LEM); same data except, 69°7′18.372′′N 105°25′0.768′′W, Repl. 1 wet, pan traps (1♂, LEM); Conrod, 64°52ʹN 104°15ʹW, 8.vii.1966, G.E. Shewell (1♂, CNC); Devon Island, 75°N 85°W, 7.vii.1970, J.K. Ryan (1♂, CNC); Eskimo Point [61°05′58.2′′N 94°07′58.4′′W], 13.vii.1950, G.G. Dilabio (1♂, CNC); Eskimo Point [61°05′58.2′′N 94°07′58.4′′W], 13.vii.1950, G. R. Roberts (1♂, CNC); Lady Melville, 69°25ʹN 93°15ʹW, 3.vii.1951, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, CNC); McConnell, 60°50ʹN 94°25ʹW, 29.vii.1970, K.L. MacInnes (1♂, CNC); Spence Bay [69°32′12.6′′N 93°31′43.1′′W], 10–14.vii.1951, A.E. R. Downe (1♀, 1♂, CNC); Spence Bay [69°32′12.6′′N 93°31′43.1′′W], 28.vi., 1–27.vii.1951, J.G. Chillcott (1♀, 11♂, CNC). Québec: Fort Chimo [58°06′10.8′′N 68°25′08.6′′W], 5.vii.1958, W. R. M. Mason (1♀, CNC); Indian House [56°15′00.4′′N 64°41′56.1′′W], 29.vii.1954, W. R. Richards (1♂, CNC); Payne Bay [60°01′43.7′′N 69°50′33.4′′W], 18.vii.1954, R. McCondochie (1♀, CNC); Payne Bay [60°01′43.7′′N 69°50′33.4′′W], 20–31.vi.1958, 7–29.vii., 3.viii.1958, E.E. MacDougall (10♀, 12♂, CNC); Payne Bay [60°01′43.7′′N 69°50′33.4′′W], 6–22.vii.1958, W. R. M. Mason (2♀, 5♂, CNC); Tasiujaq [58°42′N 69°56′W], 23–25.viii.1996, ex. tundra, B.J. Sinclair (1♀, CNC). Yukon: British Mts, 69°15ʹN 140°02ʹW, 25.vi.1984, G. & M. Wood & D. Lafontaine (1♀, 3♂, CNC); Dempster Hwy km 456 [66°56′16.9′′N 136°15′55.1′′W], 1–4.vii.1973, G. &D.M.Wood (1♀, CNC); Dempster Hwy km456 [66°56′16.9′′N 136°15′55.1′′W], 17–18.vii.1981, Lafontaine & G. & M. Wood (1♀, CNC); Dempster Hwy km 456 [66°56′16.9′′N 136°15′55.1′′W], 7–9.vii.1985, S.A. Marshall (3♂, DEBU); Dempster Hwy near North Fork Pass, 64°36′22.644′′N 138°21′22.932′′W, Repl. 1 wet, Malaise, 21–24.vii.2011, NBP field party (1♀, LEM); same data except, 64°34′45.912′′N 138°16′55.632′′W, Repl. 3 wet, Malaise, 27.vi.–1.vii.2011 (1♀, LEM); Firth River [68°50′10.9′′N 140°36′00.9′′W], 13–14.vii.1956, R. E. Leech (7♂, CNC); Firth River [68°50′10.9′′N 140°36′00.9′′W], 11–30.vii., 2.viii.1956, E.F. Cashman (7♀, 3♂, CNC); Herschel Is [69°34′N 138°52′W], 8–29.vii.1953, C.D. Bird (6♀, 6♂, CNC); Herschel Is [69°34′N 138°52′W], 5–26.vii.1953, J.S. Waterhouse (2♀, 25♂, CNC); Herschel Is [69°34′N 138°52′W], 28–29.vi., 24–28.vii.1971, D.M. Wood (15♀, 19♂, CNC); Herschel Is [69°34′N 138°52′W], 29–30.vi., 1–28.vii.1971, W. R. M. Mason (8♀, 26♂, CNC); Herschel Is, 69°34′N 138°52′W, 20–21.vii.1983, R. A. Cannings (2♀, 4♂, UBCZ); Herschel Is, 69°35′N 139°00′W, 20–22.vii.1983, S.G. Cannings (5♀, 1♂, UBCZ); Mackenzie Bay, Herschel Is, 69°34′14.16′′N 138°54′5.4′′W, 29.vi.2008, D. Reid, M. Leung, S. Gilbert, W. Halliday & A. Kenney (1♀, CBG); Mt. Gibben, 64°42′N 139°08′W, 4300 ft, 13.vii.1985, E. Bijdemast (2♂, UBCZ); Richardson Mts, 66°26.5ʹN 135°48ʹW, 8.vii.1982, M. Wood (3♀, CNC); same data except, 11.vii.1982 (1♂, barcoded, CNC). RUSSIA: Krasnoyarsk Krai Taimyr, Taimyr Biosphere Reserve, Ara-Mas’s cordon 72°30′0′′N 101°56′24′′E, 8.vii.2010, O. Hrulyova [printed in Cyrillic, Russian] (1♂, barcoded, CNC); Krasnoyarsk Krai Taimyr, Taimyr Biosphere Reserve, Ara-Mas’s cordon, 72°30′0′′N 101°56′24′′E, 19.vii.2010, O. Hrulyova [printed in Cyrillic, Russian] (1♀, CNC). USA. Alaska: Big Delta [64°09′08.9′′N 145°50′35.1′′W], 24.vi.1951, W. R. M. Mason (1♀, 1♂, CNC); same data except, 30.vi.1951 (1♀, CNC); Cape Thompson [68°08′38.1′′N 165°58′39.4′′W], 26.vii.1961, B.S. Heming (1♀, 1♂, CNC); Cape Thompson [68°08′38.1′′N 165°58′39.4′′W], 26.vii.1961, R. Madge (1♂, CNC); Cold Bay, 163°W [55°12′17.5′′N 162°43′04.6′′W], 26.vii.1952, W. R. Mason (1♀, 1♂, CNC); Deering [66°04′26.5′′N 162°43′27.9′′W], 30.vii.1969, J. Matthews (2♀, CNC); Denali Hwy [63°10′03.6′′N 147°32′32.0′′W], 22.vii.1962, P.J. Skitsko (1♀, CNC); Kivalina River, 68°16ʹN 163°27ʹW, 10–17.vii.1974, K.W. Philip (1♂, CNC); Nome [64°30′05.7′′N 165°23′45.8′′W], 21.vi.1951, D.P. Whillans (1♀, CNC); Richard Hwy. [64°12′27.6′′N 145°42′46.7′′W], 17.vi.1951, W. R. M. Mason (1♂, CNC); St. Paul Island [57°11′12.3′′N 170°15′38.8′′W], 10.viii.1920, G.D. Hanna (1♀, 3♂, CAS); same as except, 16.viii.1920 (1♂, CNC); St. Paul Island [57°11′12.3′′N 170°15′38.8′′W], 4.vii.1939, E.C. Johnston (1♀, CAS); Summit Lake [60°38′04.7′′N 149°30′43.7′′W], 9.vii.1951, W. R. M. Mason (1♀, CNC); Umiat [69°22′01.7′′N 152°08′36.6′′W], 3.vii.1959, J.E.H. Martin (1♂, CNC); Umiat [69°22′01.7′′N 152°08′36.6′′W], 10.vii.1959, R. Madge (1♂, CNC); Unalakleet [63°52′22.7′′N 160°47′18.9′′W], 16–30.vi.1961, B.S. Heming (2♀, 21♂, CNC); same data except, 3.vii.1961 (5♂, CNC); Unalakleet [63°52′22.7′′N 160°47′18.9′′W], 4.vii.1961, R. Madge (3♂, CNC); Unalakleet [63°52′22.7″N 160°47′18.9″W], 5–18.vii.1961, B.S. Heming (3♀, 3♂, CNC).

Distribution. This is a widespread, northern transcontinental species, ranging south along the western Cordillera (Fig. 37). This species is also found in the Palearctic Region (Russia) (Šifner 2008; Ozerov 2019).

Remarks. The body colour is highly variable, but the colour variation does not appear to be based on latitudinal differences. Originally Vockeroth had separated the CNC specimens into different morphospecies based on colour but the similarities in the male terminalia proved them to all be conspecific. Specimens of Gimnomera sibirica determined by Ozerov were examined (see Additional material examined) and the male terminalia supports the conclusion that this species is conspecific with G. tibialis. This synonym and the first Holarctic record of Gimnomera tibialis was published by Ozerov (2019).