Spectrarcturus Schultz 1981
- 1. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja-Natural Science Building, Sturlugata 7, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland and The University of Iceland´s Research Centre in Suðurnes, Garðvegur 1, 245 Suðurnesjabaer, Iceland
- 2. Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia
- 3. INES Integrated Environmental Solutions UG, / Senckenberg am Meer-DZMB, Südstrand 22, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany terue. kihara @ ines-solutions. eu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7292 - 251 X
Description
Genus Spectrarcturus Schultz, 1981
Spectrarcturus Schultz, 1981: 67.
Spectarcturus.— Poore, 2001: 222 (incorrect spelling).
Diagnosis: Body cylindrical. Pereonite 1 fused to head, with shallow transverse groove on former suture line. Lateral margins of head and pereonite 1 margin deep, convex, embracing mouthparts and pereopod 1 laterally. Pereonite 4 longest, 2–4 times as long as pereonite 3. All pleonites fused with pleotelson, with at least 2 pairs of lateral wings. Antenna with large spines on peduncle articles 2 and 3; flagellum short, with 3 articles and 1 distal claw-like article in females; in males distal article spine-like. Pereopod 1 dactylus short, without unguis. Pereopods 2–4 not flexed between carpus and propodus, with paired long setae along lower margin; with small claw-like dactyli, with short unguis. Pereopods 5–7 dactyli with 2 ungues. Male pleopod 1 simple, exopod without diagonal groove.
Type species: Spectrarcturus multispinatus Schultz, 1981 = S. murdochi (Benedict, 1898).
Included species: Spectrarcturus murdochi (Benedict, 1898) comb. nov.; Spectrarcturus chlebovitschi (Kussakin, 1972) comb. nov.; Spectrarcturus fabulosus (Gurjanova, 1955) comb. nov.; Spectrarcturus furcatus (Kussakin, 1982) comb. nov.; Spectrarcturus hystrix (Sars, 1877) comb. nov.; Spectrarcturus intermedius (Richardson, 1899a) comb. nov.; Spectrarcturus iturupicus (Kussakin & Mezhov, 1979) comb. nov.; Spectrarcturus toporoki (Kussakin, 1972) comb. nov.
Remarks: The genus falls within Arcturidae as diagnosed by Poore (2001). Spectrarcturus resembles mostly Arcturus Latreille, 1829, another genus largely confined to the Northern Hemisphere, with which it shares a lack of flexure between the carpus and propodus of pereopods 2–4. It differs in having a short antennal flagellum rather than multiarticulate as in Arcturus and absence of the dactylus on pereopod 1. Few species of Arcturus have lateral wings on the pleotelson (Kussakin 1982).
All species occur in the Northern hemisphere, where six species (S. chlebovitschi, S. fabulosus, S. furcatus, S. intermedius, S. iturupicus and S. toporoki) occur in the northernmost North Pacific (Bering Sea, Kurile Islands, Aleutian Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), S. hystrix in the northernmost North Atlantic Ocean, and S. murdochi occurs widely in the North Pacific and in Arctic waters around Greenland. The latter species has not been reported in the high Arctic Ocean, between these regions. The centre of diversity is in the northernmost North Pacific.
The species are mostly shallow water species (several occurring as shallow as 5 or 6 meters), allowing dispersal through the shallow Bering Strait (maximum depths of around 53 m). Bering Strait first opened near the end of the Miocene at 5.32 MYA (Gladenkov et al. 2002), but became later closed and reopened due to land-rise and glaciations, with the last opening about 11 cal ka BP (Jakobsson et al. 2017) and lasting until the present.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Arcturidae
- Genus
- Spectrarcturus
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Isopoda
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Schultz
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Taxonomic concept label
- Spectrarcturus Schultz, 1981 sec. Stransky, Svavarsson, Poore & Kihara, 2020
References
- Schultz, G. A. (1981) Arcturidae from the Antarctic and Southern Seas (Isopoda, Valvifera) Part I. Antarctic Research Series, Biology of the Antarctic Seas, X, 32, 63 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1029 / AR 032 p 0063
- Poore, G. C. B. (2001) Isopoda Valvifera: Diagnoses and relationships of the families. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21, 205 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990118
- Benedict, J. E. (1898) The Arcturidae of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 12, 41 - 51.
- Kussakin, O. G. (1972) Isopoda from the coastal zone of the Kurile Islands. III. Three new arcturids from the Middle Kurils with taxonomic remarks on the family Arcturidae. Crustaceana, Supplement 3, 178 - 189.
- Gurjanova, E. F. (1955) The isopod crustacean fauna (Isopoda) of the Pacific Ocean VI. New species of Valvifera from the Kurile-Sakhalin Region. Trudy Instituta Zoologii Akademia Nauk USSR, 21, 208 - 230. [in Russian]
- Kussakin, O. G. (1982) Morskye I solonovatovodnye ravnonogie rakoobrasnye (Isopoda) cholodnix I umerennix vod severnogo polushariya [Marine and brackish water like-footed crustaceans (Isopoda) of cold and temperate waters of the North- ern Hemisphere]. Podotryadi Anthuridea, Microcerberidea, Valvifera, Tyloidea. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 131 (2), 1 - 463. [in Russian]
- Sars, G. O. (1877) Prodromus descriptionis crustaceorum et pycnogonidarum, quae in expeditione norvegica anno 1876 observavit. Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 2, 237 - 271.
- Richardson, H. (1899 a) Key to the isopods of the Pacific coast of North America, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21 (1175), 815 - 869. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.21 - 1175.815
- Kussakin, O. G. & Mezhov, B. V. (1979) Isopod Crustacea of the sublittoral and the upper bathyal zone of the Kurile Islands. In: Kussakin, O. G. (Ed.), Biology of the shelf of the Kurile Islands. Academy of Sciences, Far East Center, USSR, Moscow, pp. 125 - 199. [in Russian]
- Latreille, P. A. (1829) Les Crustaces, les Arachnides et les Insectes, distribues en familles naturelles. In: Cuvier, G. (Ed.), Le Regne Animal distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Nouvelle Edition, revue et augmentee. Deterville, Paris, pp. Xxvii + 1 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11575
- Gladenkov, A. Y., Oleinik, A. E., Marincovich, L. & Barinov, K. B. (2002) A refined age for the earliest opening of Bering Strait. Palaeogeograpy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 183, 321 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0031 - 0182 (02) 00249 - 3
- Jakobsson, M., Pearce, C., Cronin, T. M., Backman, J., Anderson, L. G., Barrientos, N., Bjork, G., Coxall, H., de Boer, A., Mayer, L. A., Morth, C. - M., Nilsson, J., Rattray, J. E., Stranne, C., Semiletov, I. & O'Regan, M. (2017) Post-glacial flooding of the Bering Land Bridge dated to 11 cal ka BP based on new geophysical and sediment records. Climate of the Past, 13, 991 - 1005. https: // doi. org / 10.5194 / cp- 13 - 991 - 2017