A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program
Creators
- Howell, Kerry L1
- Hilário, Ana2
- Allcock, A Louise3
- Bailey, David M4
- Baker, Maria5
- Clark, Malcolm R6
- Colaço, Ana7
- Copley, Jon5
- Cordes, Erik E8
- Danovaro, Roberto9
- Dissanayake, Awantha10
- Escobar, Elva11
- Esquete, Patricia2
- Gallagher, Austin J12
- Gates, Andrew R13
- Gaudron, Sylvie M14
- German, Christopher R15
- Gjerde, Kristina M16
- Higgs, Nicholas D17
- Le Bris, Nadine18
- Levin, Lisa A19
- Manea, Elisabetta20
- McClain, Craig21
- Menot, Lenaick22
- Mestre, Nelia C23
- Metaxas, Anna24
- Milligan, Rosanna J25
- Muthumbi, Agnes WN26
- Narayanaswamy, Bhavani E27
- Ramalho, Sofia P2
- Ramirez-Llodra, Eva28
- Robson, Laura M29
- Rogers, Alex D30
- Sellanes, Javier31
- Sigwart, Julia D32
- Sink, Kerry33
- Snelgrove, Paul VR34
- Stefanoudis, Paris V35
- Sumida, Paulo Y36
- Taylor, Michelle L37
- Thurber, Andrew R38
- Vieira, Rui P39
- Watanabe, Hiromi K40
- Woodall, Lucy C35
- Xavier, Joana R41
- 1. School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- 2. CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- 3. Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- 4. nstitute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- 5. School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- 6. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- 7. Instituto do Mar, and Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar – Okeanos, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
- 8. Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- 9. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona and Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- 10. University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- 11. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- 12. Beneath the Waves, Herndon, VA, United States
- 13. National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
- 14. UMR 8187 Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG), Université de Lille, ULCO, CNRS, Lille, France; Sorbonne Université, UFR 927, Paris, France
- 15. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
- 16. Global Marine Program, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Cambridge, MA, United States
- 17. Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, Bahamas
- 18. Oceanological Observatory Banyuls, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- 19. Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- 20. Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council (ISMAR-CNR), Venice, Italy
- 21. Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA, United States
- 22. DEEP/LEP, Brest, Ifremer, Plouzane, France
- 23. CIMA – Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- 24. Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- 25. Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, United States
- 26. School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- 27. Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom
- 28. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway; REV Ocean, Lysaker, Norway
- 29. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, United Kingdom
- 30. REV Ocean, Lysaker, Norway
- 31. Departamento de Biologia Marina and Nucleo Milenio ESMOI, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- 32. Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
- 33. Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- 34. Department of Ocean Sciences and Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
- 35. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nekton Foundation, Oxford, United Kingdom
- 36. nstituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- 37. School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
- 38. College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- 39. Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, United Kingdom
- 40. X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
- 41. Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Description
ABSTRACT
The ocean plays a crucial role in the functioning of the Earth System and in the provision of vital goods and services. The United Nations (UN) declared 2021–2030 as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The Roadmap for the Ocean Decade aims to achieve six critical societal outcomes (SOs) by 2030, through the pursuit of four objectives (Os). It specifically recognizes the scarcity of biological data for deep-sea biomes, and challenges the global scientific community to conduct research to advance understanding of deep-sea ecosystems to inform sustainable management. In this paper, we map four key scientific questions identified by the academic community to the Ocean Decade SOs: (i) What is the diversity of life in the deep ocean? (ii) How are populations and habitats connected? (iii) What is the role of living organisms in ecosystem function and service provision? and (iv) How do species, communities, and ecosystems respond to disturbance? We then consider the design of a global-scale program to address these questions by reviewing key drivers of ecological pattern and process. We recommend using the following criteria to stratify a global survey design: biogeographic region, depth, horizontal distance, substrate type, high and low climate hazard, fished/unfished, near/far from sources of pollution, licensed/protected from industry activities. We consider both spatial and temporal surveys, and emphasize new biological data collection that prioritizes southern and polar latitudes, deeper ( > 2000 m) depths, and midwater environments. We provide guidance on observational, experimental, and monitoring needs for different benthic and pelagic ecosystems. We then review recent efforts to standardize biological data and specimen collection and archiving, making “sampling design to knowledge application” recommendations in the context of a new global program. We also review and comment on needs, and recommend actions, to develop capacity in deep-sea research; and the role of inclusivity - from accessing indigenous and local knowledge to the sharing of technologies - as part of such a global program. We discuss the concept of a new global deep-sea biological research program ‘Challenger 150,’ highlighting what it could deliver for the Ocean Decade and UN Sustainable Development Goal 14.
Notes
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Howell et al 2020-fmars-07-584861.pdf
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- Is derived from
- Journal article: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861/full#S12 (URL)