Regional Introduction: Neolithic of Ukraine. Report on Activities in Kyiv 2016-2017

One of the most important issues in the study of ecological systems is to determine the nature of the changes that occurred during the transition from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene. Prolonged existence of hunters in periglacial area in a relatively soft period of Late Pleistocene, around 18-13 k years BP, caused a high adaptation level of Upper Palaeolithic population to natural conditions. At this time there was flourishing of a culture of prehistoric societies, which was manifested in the spread of certain economic systems based on the availability of faunal resources and specific forms of architecture and original art. But significant landscape changes that occurred on the border of the Pleistocene - Holocene forced people to find new ways of managing and acquire new resources, which is reflected in the nature of material culture.
The process of neolithization that in some regions of the Oecumene took the character of a “Neolithic revolution” was one of the global processes that influenced the development of all mankind. The Neolithic era should be considered as a significant increase in the capacity to conduct various forms of societies’ life-sustaining activity as a result of the liberation from natural determinism in behavior after the fundamental changes in the natural environment at the end of the Pleistocene.