Animated GIF of simulated plume and virtual flight tracks

The animated GIF shows the dispersion of an exhaust plume modelled with WRF 3.8.1 as a large eddy simulation, as well as virtual cross sectional flight tracks, in the left panel. The right panel shows the emission rates retrieved by the virtual cross sectional overflights. Every two minutes a virtual measurement is performed. The daily solar irradiation causes a deep, convective boundary layer with turbulent plume dispersion within. In the nocturnal absence of solar irradiation, the boundary layer shrinks, leading to narrow, homogeneous plume dispersion, within a laminar flow.