Structural Arrangement of Simple Semantically Elementary Constructions

The article deals with the research of special features of a simple semantically elementary sentence. Formation of simple semantically elementary sentences is considered from the perspective of the dependency syntax conception. It has been found out that the dependency theory provides deeper insight into the structure of diverse sentence constructions and allows distinguishing the independent research area specifying patterns for combination of dependent components. The research gives characteristics of traditional and new basic principles regarding the definition of structural arrangement of simple semantically elementary constructions. The syntactic dependency is interpreted as component dependence in a sentence construction, its subordination to a predicate (a distinctive feature component) in a semantic and syntactic structure or a predicate of formal syntactic sentence structure in simple semantically elementary and nonelementary sentences. It has been defined that the structural arrangement of components in a simple semantically elementary sentence is under the influence of semantic expression of a predicative component shaping dependent substantial components. 18 variations of simple semantically elementary sentences with diverse predicates have been differentiated. The analysis focuses on the structural arrangement of simple one-component semantically elementary constructions with comprehensive state predicates expressed by verbs and predicative adverbs; the formation of simple two-component semantically elementary constructions with predicates of actions, quality and quantitative state has been described; the formation of simple three-component semantically elementary constructions with predicates of actions, processes, state and state-relation predicates has been studied; special features of simple four-component semantically elementary constructions with predicates of actions and qualitative state have been defined; special features of simple five-, six-, seven- and eight-component semantically elementary constructions with predicates of actions have been specified.