The Psychology of Friedrich Engels. From the Materialist Theory of Manual Labor to the Critique of Empiricism and Ideology.

Friedrich Engels (1820 – 1895) was a Marxist, but only to the extent that Marx was also an Engelsian. The two men followed each other, they learned together and forged their ideas together, including those of a psychological nature. Substantive parts of the psychology that we attribute to Marx are also attributable to Engels. Hence, some authors prefer to speak of the psychology of Marx and Engels. However, there are also original Engelsian contributions that must be considered separately, not because they contradict Marxian theory but because they preceded Marx’s theory or advanced it through new avenues that paved the way for a Marxist psychology, stabilizing concepts that were still volatile in Marx.