A compact triband microstrip antenna utilizing hexagonal CSRR for wireless communication systems

In this paper, a compact triband printed antenna with hexagonal
complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) for 4G applications
is proposed. The proposed multiband antenna is comprised of a rectangular
patch antenna on the top plane, while on the ground plane, hexagonal CSRRs
are etched for size miniaturization (at the lower bands) and multiband
generation. Another effect of the CSRR is the shifting of the initial resonance
of the patch antenna from 5.17 GHz to the higher band of 6.18 GHz.
The triband of 180 MHz 2.4~2.59, 150 MHz 2.79~2.94 and 420 MHz
6.04~6.46 GHz bands acquired can cover WLAN/Wi-Fi and WiMAX
operating bands adequately. This can be achieved by choosing the optimal
size and position of the CSRR on the ground plane carefully. The design
occupies a total size of 45 x 45 mm2 using the low-cost FR-4
substrate. Good agreements are obtained between the measured results
and the simulated, which are discussed and presented.