Refractive Indices For Virga Exoplanet Cloud Model

These files are used to compute parameterized cloud models with the Virga Exoplanet Cloud Model. The documentation is available here for specifically how these files are included into virga.

1. REFRACTIVE INDICES: (.refrind): contain the refractive indices of each condensate species. If you are running cloud models utilizing this data, please cite the corresponding source for each species listed below. All files are 4 columns structured as : 

index, wavelength (micron), real part, imaginary part. 

Virga reads in these files in this routine but you can simply use this python code:

filename = "H2O.refrind"
idummy, wave, nn, kk = np.loadtxt(open(filename,'rt').readlines(), unpack=True, usecols=[0,1,2,3])#[:-1]

2. MIE PARAMETERS: (.mieff): There are specific tutorials and functions in virga that will guide you through computing these on your own. However, we provide them here for completeness. The program that calculates these is demonstrated here. Note that each Mie parameters are averaged 6 points within the wavelength bin. You can use this function here to parse the data. Or, you can simply read the mieff files with this code: 

import pandas as pd
gas = "H2O"
df = pd.read_csv(gas+".mieff",names=['wave','qscat','qext','cos_qscat'], delim_whitespace=True)

CITATIONS TO REFERENCE FOR EACH SPECIES:

KCl & ZnS

Querry, Marvin R. Optical constants of minerals and other materials from the millimeter to the ultraviolet. Chemical Research, Development & Engineering Center, US Army Armament Munitions Chemical Command, 1987.

MnS 

Huffman, Donald R., and Robert L. Wild. "Optical Properties of α− M n S." Physical Review 156.3 (1967): 989.

Cr

Stashchuk, V. S., M. Ts Dobrovolskaya, and S. N. Tkachenko. "Optical properties and electronic characteristics of chromium." Optics and Spectroscopy 56 (1984): 594-596.

Na2S

Montaner, Antoine, et al. "Optical constants of sodium sulphide." Physica Status Solidi. A, Applied Research 52.2 (1979): 597-601.

Khachai, H., et al. "FP-APW+ lo calculations of the electronic and optical properties of alkali metal sulfides under pressure." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 21.9 (2009): 095404.

MgSiO3 & Mg2SiO4

Scott, A., and W. W. Duley. "Ultraviolet and infrared refractive indices of amorphous silicates." The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 105 (1996): 401.

Fe

Leksina, I., N. Penkina, and Fizik Metall Metalloved. "Optical characteristics of iron in the visual and near infrared spectral regions." Fizik. Metall. Metalloved 23 (1967): 344-345.

Al2O3

Koike, Chiyoe, et al. "Extinction spectra of corundum in the wavelengths from UV to FIR." Icarus 114.1 (1995): 203-214.

NH3

Martonchik, John V., Glenn S. Orton, and John F. Appleby. "Optical properties of NH 3 ice from the far infrared to the near ultraviolet." Applied optics 23.4 (1984): 541-547.

ALL ELSE

Th. Henning, V.B. Il'in, N.A. Krivova, B. Michel, and N.V. Voshchinnikov (1999) WWW database of optical constants for astronomy. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 136, 405.

C. Jaeger, V.B. Il'in, Th. Henning, H. Mutschke, D. Fabian, D.A. Semenov, and N.V. Voshchinnikov (2002) A database of optical constants of cosmic dust analogs. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transf., accepted.

https://www.astro.uni-jena.de/Laboratory/Database/jpdoc/f-dbase.html