Published July 16, 2020
| Version v1
Journal article
Open
On the morphology of the astragalus and calcaneus of the amphicyonids (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Europe: implications for the ecology of the European bear-dogs
Creators
- 1. CR2P (CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université), Département Origines et Évolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)
- 2. Evolution & Diversity Dynamics Lab, Université de Liège (ULiège), Quartier Agora, Bâtiment B18, Allée du six août, 14, 4000 Liège (Belgium)
- 3. KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee (Belgium)
- 4. Directorate Earth and History of Life, Palaeobiosphere Evolution Research Unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels (Belgium)
Description
Fournier, Morgane, Ladevèze, Sandrine, Verger, Kévin Le, Fischer, Valentin, Speijer, Robert P., Solé, Floréal (2020): On the morphology of the astragalus and calcaneus of the amphicyonids (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Europe: implications for the ecology of the European bear-dogs. Geodiversitas 42 (18): 305-325, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a18
Files
source.pdf
Files
(4.4 MB)
Name | Size | Download all |
---|---|---|
md5:eb2f014862a529c774b530e7c663985f
|
4.4 MB | Preview Download |
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- URL
- https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/21452
- URN
- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:030C3660-4FC5-4C68-BD56-226860C8FD1C
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:EB2F0148FFA5FFC7FFB5FFE7C663985F
- URL
- http://publication.plazi.org/id/EB2F0148FFA5FFC7FFB5FFE7C663985F
References
- ALLEN J. A. 1876. - Description of a new generic type (Bassaricyon) of Procyonida, from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 28: 20-23. https://www.jstor. org/stable/4059944
- ARGOT C. 2010. - Morphofunctional analysis of the postcranium of Amphicyon major (Mammalia, Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the Miocene of Sansan (Gers, France) compared to three extant carnivores: Ursus arctos, Panthera leo, and Canis lupus. Geodiversitas 32 (1): 65-106. https://doi.org/10.5252/g2010n1a2
- ARGOT C. 2013. - Postcranial Analysis of Carnivoran-like Archaic Ungulate: The case of Arctocyon primaevus (Arctocyonidae, Mammalia) from the late Paleocene of France. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 20: 83-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-012-9198-x
- AUDUBON J. & BACHMAN J. 1851. - The Quadrupeds of North America. Vol. 2. V. G. Audubon, New York, 446 p. https://doi. org/10.5962/bhl.title.51130
- BAJPAI S., KAPUR V. V. & THEWISSEN J. G. M. 2009. - Creodont and condylarth from the Cambay Shale (Early Eocene, 55-54MA), Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, Western India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 54: 103-109.
- BARRETT P. Z. 2016. - Taxonomic and systematic revisions to the North American Nimravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora). PeerJ 4: e1658. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1658
- BARONE R. 2000. - Anatomie comparee des mammiferes domestiques. Tome 2. Arthrologie et myologie. Vigot, France, 988 p.
- BARYSHNIKOV G. F. 2015. - Late Pleistocene Ursidae and Mustelidae remains (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Geographical Society Cave in the Russian far east. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 319 (1): 3-22.
- BARYSHNIKOV G. F. & BOESKOROV G. G. 2004. - Skull of the Pleistocene brown bear (Ursus arctos) from Yakutia, Russia. Russian Journal of Theriology 3 (2): 71-75. https://doi.org/10.15298/ rusjtheriol.03.2.04
- BASTL K. 2012. - Ecomorphology of the European Hyaenodon. PhD, University of Vienna, Fakultat fur Lebenswissenschaften, 300 p.
- BIOCHROM'97 1997a. - Etalonnage de l'echelle biochronologique mammalienne du Paleogene d'Europe occidentale : Vers une integration a l'echelle globale, in AGUILAR J.-P., LEGENDRE S. & MICHAUX J. (eds), Actes du colloque international de biostratigraphie BiochroM'97. Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut de Montpellier, Montpellier: 461-473 (Memoires et Travaux de l'EPHE; 21).
- BIOCHROM'97 1997b. - Syntheses et correlations, in AGUI- LAR J.-P., LEGENDRE S. & MICHAUX J. (eds), Actes du colloque international de biostratigraphie BiochroM'97. Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut de Montpellier, Montpellier: 769-805 (Memoires et Travaux de l'EPHE; 21).
- BLAINVILLE H.-M. D. DE 1841. - Osteographie ou description iconographique comparee du squelette et du systeme dentaire des cinq classes d'animaux vertebres recents et fossiles pour servir de base a la zoologie et a la geologie - Mammiferes carnassiers : Des Petits-Ours (G.Subursus). J.B.Bailliere, Paris, 123 p. https://doi. org/10.5962/bhl.title.127351
- BONIS L. DE 1973. - Contribution a l'etude des Mammiferes de l'Aquitanien de l'Agenais. Rongeurs - Carnivores - Perissodactyles. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 192 p. (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. C - Sciences de la Terre ; 28). https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59329411
- BONIS L. DE 2011. - A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France). Estudios Geologicos 67: 179-186. https:// doi.org/10.3989/egeol.40553.181
- BONIS L. DE, CROCHET J.-Y., RAGE J.-C., SIGE B, SUDRE J. & VIANEY- LIAUD M. 1973. - Nouvelles faunes de vertebres oligocenes des phosphorites du Quercy. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, serie C, Sciences de la Terre 28, 174: 105-113. https:// www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55480076
- BOWDICH T. E. 1821. - An Analysis of the Natural Classifications of Mammalia, for the Use of Students and Travellers. J. Smith, Paris, 180 p.
- BRAVARD A. & POMEL A. 1850. - Notice sur les ossements fossiles de La Debruge, pres d'Apt. Impression J.-S. Jean, 8 p.
- CARRANO M. T. 1997. - Morphological indicators of foot posture in mammals: a statistical and biomechanical analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 121: 77-104. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00148.x
- COILLOT T., SMITH R., GIGASE P. & SMITH T. 2013. - Tarsal diversity in the earliest Eocene mammal fauna of Dormaal, Belgium. Geologica Belgica 16: 274-283. https://popups.uliege. be:443/1374-8505/index.php?id=4293
- COPE E. D. 1875. - On fossil Lemurs and Dogs. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 27: 255, 256. https:// www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1677174
- COPE E. D. 1878. - On some of the characters of the Miocene fauna of Oregon. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 18: 63-78. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26877837
- CUVIER G. F. 1825. - Tremarctos ornatus, in SAINT- HILAIRE E. G. & CUVIER G. F. (eds), Histoire naturelle des Mammiferes, avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apres des animaux vivans. Tome 3. A. Belin, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.78766
- ESCARGUEL G. & LEGENDRE S. 2006. - New methods for analyzing deep-time meta-community dynamics and their application to the Paleogene mammals from the Quercy and Limagne area (Massif Central, France). Strata 1: 245-273.
- ESCARGUEL G., LEGENDRE S. & SIGE B. 2008. - Unearthing deep-time biodiversity changes: The Palaeogene mammalian metacommunity of the Quercy and Limagne area (Massif Central, France). Comptes Rendus Geoscience 340: 602-614. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2007.11.005
- FILHOL H. 1872. - Recherches sur les mammiferes fossiles des depots de phosphates de chaux dans les departements du Lot, du Tarn et de Tarn-et-Garonne. Premiere Partie. Carnassiers et Chiropteres. Annales des Sciences geologiques 3: 1-31.
- FILHOL H. 1876. - Recherches sur les Phosphorites du Quercy. Etude des fossiles qu'on y rencontre et specialement des mammiferes. Premiere partie. Vol. 15. Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Sciences naturelles, Paris: 1-220.
- FINARELLI J. A. 2008. - A total evidence phylogeny of the Arctoidea (Carnivora: Mammalia): Relationships among basal taxa. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 15: 231-259. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10914-008-9074-x
- FLYNN J. J., FINARELLI J. A. & SPAULDING M. 2010. - Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations, in GOSWAMI A. & FRISCIA A. (eds), Carnivoran Evolution: New Views on Phylogeny, Form, and Function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 25-63. https://doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9781139193436.003
- FRISCH J. L. 1775. - Das NaturSystem der vierfussigen Thiere, in Tabellen: darinnen alle Ordnungen, Geschlechte und Arten, nicht nur mit bestimmenden Benennungen, sondern beygesetzten unterscheidenden Kennzeichen angezeigt werden, zum Nutzen der erwachsenen Schuljugend. Gunther, 30 p.
- GAGNAISON C., COSSARD B., & DECHAMPS M. 2017. - A propos de quelques dents et os de mammiferes carnivores du Miocene de l'Anjou-Touraine. Symbioses 35-36 : 47-60.
- GERVAIS P. 1852. - Zoologie et paleontologie francaises (animaux vertebres) ou nouvelles recherches sur les animaux vivantes et fossiles de la France. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, 146 p. https://doi. org/10.5962/bhl.title.39473
- GEZE B. 1974. - Sur le remplissage des poches a phosphorite" d'Aubrelong (commune de Bach, Lot). Palaeovertebrata 6: 21-25.
- GINSBURG L. 1961. - Plantigradie et digitigradie chez les carnivores fissipedes. Mammalia 25: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1515/ mamm.1961.25.1.1
- GINSBURG L. 1965. - L'" Amphicyon " ambiguus des Phophorites du Quercy. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 2, 37: 724-730. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ page/55113069
- GINSBURG L. 1966. - Les Amphicyons des Phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 52: 23-64.
- GINSBURG L. 1969. - Sur un Amphicyoninae de l'Oligocene d'Europe. Comptes Rendus sommaires des Seances de la Societe geologique de France 3: 72, 73.
- GINSBURG L. 2002. - Les carnivores fossiles des sables de l'Orleanais. Annales de Paleontologie 88: 115-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0753-3969(02)01042-X
- GINSBURG L., CHENEVAL J., JANVIER P., POUIT D. & SEN S. 2000. - Les Vertebres des sables continentaux d'age orleanien inferieur (MN3) de Mauvieres a Marcilly-sur-Maulne (Indreet-Loire), La Brosse a Meigne-le-Vicomte (Maine-et-Loire) et Chitenay (Loir-et-Cher). Geodiversitas 22: 597-631.
- GOSWAMI A. & FRISCIA A. 2010. - Carnivoran Evolution: New Views on Phylogeny, Form, and Function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 523 p. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139193436
- HEINRICH R. E. & ROSE K. D. 1997. - Postcranial morphology and locomotor behaviour of two early eocene miacoid carnivorans, Vulpavus and Didymictis. Palaeontology 40 (2): 279-305.
- HEIZMANN E. P. J. & KORDIKOVA E. G. 2000. - Zur systematischen Stellung von "Amphicyon" intermedius H. V. Meyer, 1849 (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae). Carolinea 58: 69-82.
- HUNT JR R. M. 1977. - Basicranial anatomy of Cynelos Jourdan (Mammalia: Carnivora), an Aquitanian amphicyonid from the Allier Basin, France. Journal of Paleontology 51: 826-843. https:// www.jstor.org/stable/1303745
- HUNT JR R. M. 1996. - Amphicyonidae, in PROTHERO D. R. & ROBERT J. E. (eds), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 476-485. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511665431.024
- HUNT JR R. M. 1998.- Amphicyonidae, in JANIS C. M., SCOTT K. M. & JACOBS L. L. (eds), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 196-227.
- HUNT JR R. M. 2002. - Intercontinental Migration of Neogene Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora): Appearance of the Eurasian Beardog Ysengrinia in North America. American Museum Novitates 3384: 1-53. http://doi.org/b364fw
- HUNT JR R. M. 2003. - Intercontinental migration of large mammalian carnivores: earliest occurrence of the Old World beardog Amphicyon (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) in North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279: 77-115. http://doi.org/cd347d
- HUNT JR R. M. 2009. - Long-legged pursuit carnivorans (Amphicyonidae, Daphoeninae) from the early Miocene of north America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 318: 1-95. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/5948
- HUNT JR R. M. 2011. - Evolution of large carnivores during the mid-cenozoic of North America: the Temnocyonine radiation (Mammalia, Amphicyonidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 358: 1-153. https://doi.org/10.1206/358.1
- HOUGH J. R. 1948. - A systematic revision of Daphoenus and some allied genra. Journal of Paleontology 22: 573-600. https:// www.jstor.org/stable/1299593
- JENKINS JR F. A. & MCCLEARN D. 1984. - Mechanisms of hind foot reversal in climbing mammals. Journal of Morphology 182:197- 219. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820207
- JOURDAN M. 1862. - La description de restes fossiles de grands Mammiferes. Part 2. Les terrains siderolithiques. Revue des Societe savantes, publiee sous les auspices du Ministere de l'Instruction publique et des Cultes 1: 126-130.
- KOTSAKIS T. 1980. - Revisione sistematica e distribuzione stratigrafica e geografica del genere Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel (Carnivora, Mammalia). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 19: 259-273.
- KRETZOI M. 1943. - Kochitiis centenii n.g. n. sp. Ein altertumlicher Creodonte aus dem Oberoligozan. Foltdany Kozlony 73: 10-17 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50730209), 190-195 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50730389).
- KUSS S. 1965. - Revision der europaischen Amphicyoninae (Canidae, Carnivora, Mamm.) ausslich der vorober Stampischen Formen. Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften Abhandlung 1: 1-168.
- LAIZER L. & PARIEU J. DE 1838. - Description et determination d'une machoire fossile appartenant aun mammifere jusqu'a present inconnu, Hyaenodon leptorhynchus. Comptes-rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 7: 442. https://gallica.bnf. fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k29662/f442.item
- LANGE- BADRE B. 1970. - Sur l'existence d'un gisement fossilifere d'age oligocene inferieur dans les phosphorites du Quercy. Societe geologique de France 5: 150-151.
- LANGE- BADRE B. 1979. - Les Creodontes (Mammalia) d'Europe occidentale de l'Eocene superieur a l'Oligocene superieur. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 249 p. (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. C - Sciences de la Terre ; 42). https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58403278
- LARTET E. 1851. - Notice sur la colline de Sansan, suivie d'une recapitulation des diverses especes d'animaux vertebres fossiles, trouves soit a Sansan, soit dans d'autres gisements du terrain tertiaire du miocene dans le bassin sous-pyreneen. J.A. Portes, Auch, 45 p. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044107355059
- LEGENDRE S. 1989. - Les communautes de mammiferes du Paleogene (Eocene superieur et Oligocene) d'Europe occidentale : structures, milieux et evolution. Munchner Geowissenschaftliche. Abhandlungen Reihe A: Geologie und Palaontologie 16: 1-110.
- LEGENDRE S. & HARTENBERGER J.-L. 1992. - Evolution of mammalian faunas in Europe during the Eocene and Oligocene, in PROTHERO D. R. & BERGGREN W. A. (eds), Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton: 516-528. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zvp65.31
- LEGENDRE S., CROCHET J.-Y., GODINOT M., HARTENBERGER J.-L., MARANDAT B., REMY J. A., SIGE B., SUDRE J. & VIANEY- LIAUD M. 1991. - Evolution de la diversite des faunes de mammiferes d'Europe occidentale au Paleogene (MP 11 a MP 30). Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 162: 867-874. https:// doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.162.5.867
- LEGENDRE S., SIGE B., ASTRUC J. G., BONIS L. DE, CROCHET J. Y., DENYS C., GODINOT M., HARTENBERGER J.-L., LEVEQUE F., MARANDAT B., MOURER- CHAUVIRE C., RAGE J. C., REMY J. A., SUDRE J. & VIANEY- LIAUD M. 1997. - Les phosphoriytes du Quercy : 30 ans de recherche. Bilan et perspectives. Geobios 20: 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(97)80038-1
- LEIDY J. 1852 (for 1851). - December 16th. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia 5: 329-330.
- LINNAEUS C. 1758. - Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Volume 1. Salvius, Holmiae, 824 p. https://doi. org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
- LINNAEUS C. 1766. - Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Duodecima, Reformata. Impensis Direct. Salvius, Holmiae. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.559
- MAITRE E. 2014. - Western European middle Eocene to early Oligocene Chiroptera: systematics, phylogeny and palaeoecology based on new material from the Quercy (France). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 133: 141-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13358- 014-0069-3
- MAITRE E., HUGUENEY M., ASTRUC J. G., CROCHET J.-Y., ESCAR- GUEL G., GODINOT M., LEGENDRE S., MARANDAT B., MOURER- CHAUVIRE C., RAGE J.-C., REMY J. A., SIMON- COINCON R., SUDRE J., VALETTE P. & SIGE B. 2006. - Huit nouvelles faunes eocenes et oligocenes des Phosphorites du Quercy. Strata, Serie 1 13: 113-127.
- MARSH O. C. 1871. - Notice of some new fossil mammals and birds from theTertiary formations of the West. American Journal of Science, Series 3 2: 120-127. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs. s3-2.8.120
- MATTHEW W. D. & GRANGER W. 1924. - New Carnivora from the Tertiary of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 104: 1-9. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/3213
- MOLINA J. I. 1782. - Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili. Nella Stamperia di S.Tommaso d'Aquino, Bologna, Italy, 368 p. https:// bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/idurl/1/9635
- MORALES J., PICKFORD M., SORIA D. & FRAILE S. 1998. - New carnivores from the basal Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 91: 27-40.
- MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131-150. https://doi.org/10.5209/ rev_JIGE.2016.v42.n2.51960
- OLSEN S. J. 1960. - The fossil carnivore Amphicyon longiramus from the Thomas farm Miocene. Part II - postcranial skeleton. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 123: 1-45. https:// www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2808983
- PANCIROLI E., JANIS C. & STOCKDALE M. 2017. - Correlates between calcaneal morphology and locomotion in extant and extinct carnivorous mammals. Journal of Morphology 278: 1333- 1353. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20716
- PEIGNE S. & BONIS L. DE 1999. - The genus Stenoplesictis Filhol (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Oligocene deposits of the Phosphorites of Quercy, France. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 566-575. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1999.10011165
- PEIGNE S. 2000. - A new species of Eofelis (Carnivora: Nimravidae) from the Phosphorites of Quercy, France. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Series IIA, Earth and Planetary Science 330 (9): 653-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1251-8050(00)00199-3
- PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN P. J. 2003. - The Amphicyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Ulm-Westtangente (MN 2, Early Miocene), Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany - Systematics and ecomorphology. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B 343: 133 p.
- PEIGNE S. 2012. - Les Carnivora de Sansan, in PEIGNE S. & SEN S. (eds), Mammiferes de Sansan. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 559-660 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle ; 203).
- PELISSIE T. 2015. - Le paleokarst des Causses du Quercy, in Les inventaires du Geopatrimoine : Enjeux, bilans et perspectives. Congres international. Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Toulouse, Toulouse: 22-26.
- PETERSON O. 1907. - The Miocene beds of western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming and their vertebrate faunae. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 4: 21-72. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ page/39790849
- PETERSON O. 1910. - Description of new carnivores from the Miocene of western Nebraska. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 4: 205-278. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34978348
- PETTER G. 1966. - Cynodictis : Canide oligocene d'Europe, region tympanique et affinites. Annales de Paleontologie 52: 1-19.
- POLLY P. D. 2008. - Adaptive zones and the pinniped ankle: A 3D quantitative analysis of carnivoran tarsal evolution, in SARGIS E. & DAGOSTO M. (eds), Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer, Dordrecht: 165-194. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6997-0_9
- POLLY P. D. 2010. - Tiptoeing through the trophics: geographic variation in carnivoran locomotor ecomorphology in relation to environment, in GOSWAMI A. & FRISCIA A. (eds), Carnivoran Evolution: New Views on Phylogeny, Form, and Function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 374-410. https://doi. org/10.1017/CBO9781139193436.014
- POLLY P. D. & MACLEOD N. 2008. - Locomotion in Fossil Carnivora: An Application of Eigensurface Analysis for Morphometric Comparison of 3D Surface. Palaeontologia Electronica 11, 10A: 1-13.
- POLLY P. D., FUENTES- GONZALES J., LAWING A. M., BORMET A. K. & DUNDAS R. G. 2017. - Clade sorting has a greater effect than local adaptation on ecometric patterns in Carnivora. Evolutionary Ecology Research 18: 61-95.
- POMEL A. 1846. - Note sur des animaux fossiles decouverts dans le departement de l'Allier. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 4: 378-385.
- RAGE J.-C. 2006. - The lower vertebrates from the Eocene and Oligocene of the Phosphorites du Quercy (France): an overview. Strata, Serie 1 13: 161-173.
- RANA R. S., KUMAR K., ZACK S. P., SOLE F., ROSE K. D., MISSIAEN P., SINGH L., SAHNI A. & SMITH T. 2015. - Craniodental and postcranial morphology of Indohyaenodon raoi from the early Eocene of India, and its implications for ecology, phylogeny, and biogeography of hyaenodontid mammals. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: e965308, 22 p. https://doi.org/10.1080/0272463 4.2015.965308
- REMY J.-A., CROCHET J.-Y., SIGE B., SUDRE J., BONIS L. DE, VIANEY- LIAUD M., GODINOT M., HARTENBERGER J.-L., LANGE- BADRE B. & COMTE B. 1987. - Biochronologie des phosphorites du Quercy : mise a jour des listes fauniques et nouveaux gisements de mammiferes fossiles. Munchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Reihe A, Geologie und Palaontologie 10: 169-188.
- RENAULT P., GUILLOT P. L., LEFAVRAIS- RAYMOND A., SERONIE- VIVIEN M. R., CAVAILLE A. & CLOTTES J. 1978. - Geologie du Quercy. Les supplements de Quercy Recherche, Serie Etudes et Travaux 4: 1-111.
- ROSENMULLER J. C. 1794. - Quaedam de ossibus fossilibus animalis cuiusdam, historiam eius etcognitionem accuratiorem illustrantia. Dissertatio, quam d. 22. Octob. 1794 ad disputandumproposuit Ioannes Christ. Rosenmuller Hessberga-Francus, LL.AA.M. in Theatro anatomico Lipsiensi Prosector assumto socio Io. Chr. Aug. Heinroth Lips. Med. Stud. Cum tabula aenea, Leipzig, 34 p.
- SALESA M. J., ANTON M., PEIGNE S. & MORALES J. 2008. - Functional anatomy and biomechanics of the postcranial skeleton of Simocyon batalleri (Viret, 1929) (Carnivora, Ailuridae) from the Late Miocene of Spain. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152 : 593-621. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00370.x
- SANTI G., ROSSI M. & FONTE A. 2005. - Morphometry of the limb bones of the Ursus spelaeus ROSENMULLER, 1794 from Valstrona (Piedmont-Northern Italy). Revue de Paleobiologie 24 (2) : 597-616.
- SAY T. 1823. - Canis velox, in Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, Performed in the Years 1819, 1820 (compiled by JAMES E.). Vol. 2. Carey and Lea, Philadelphia, 356 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61116
- SCHALLER O. 2007. - Illustrated Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. 2nd edition. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 614 p.
- SCHINZ H. R. 1825. - Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschiechte und der vergleichenden Anatomie von dem Herrn Ritter von Cuvier. Volume 4. Stuttgart and Tubingen, 792 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.120173
- SCHLOSSER M. 1899. - Uber die Baren und barenahnlichen Formen des europaischen Tertiars. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A 46: 95-148.
- SCHLOSSER M. 1901. - Zur Kenntniss der Saugetierfauna der bohmischen Braunkohlenformation. Abhandlungen des Deutschen Naturwissenschaftlich - Medicinischen Vereines fur Bohmen " Lotos " 2 (3).
- SCHREBER J. C. D. 1774. - Die Saugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erster Theil, Erlangen: Vol. 1 (9): 187, pl. 42. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.67399
- SCHREBER J. C. D. 1775. - Die Saugthiere in Abblidungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil, Erlangen: Vol. 2 (13): pl. 92 [1776, Vol. 21: 361]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.67399
- SCHREBER J. C. D. 1776. - Die Saugthiere in Abblidungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil, Erlangen: Vol. 3 (16): pl. 108 [1977: 407]; Vol. 3 (18): pl. 124; 3 (26): 418. https:// doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.67399
- SCHREBER J. C. D. 1777. - Die Saugthiere in Abblidungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil, Erlangen: Vol. 3 (25): 412, pl. 109; Vol. 3 (26): pl. 142 [1778: 520]. https://doi. org/10.5962/bhl.title.67399
- SOLE F., FALCONNET J. & YVES L. 2014. - New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 878-917. https://doi.org/10.1111/ zoj.12155
- SOLE F., AMSON E., BORTHS M., VIDALENC D., MORLO M. & BASTL K. 2015. - A new large hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and its bearings on the evolution and ecology of massive hyaenodonts (Mammalia). Plos One 10: e0135698. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698
- SOLE F., FISCHER V., DENAYER J., SPEIJER R. P., FOURNIER M., LE VERGER K., LADEVEZE S., FOLIE A. & SMITH T. (in press). - The upper Eocene-Oligocene carnivorous mammals from the Quercy Phosphorites (France) housed in Belgian collections. Geologica Belgica.
- SPAULDING M. & FLYNN J. J. 2012. - Phylogeny of the Carnivoramorpha: The impact of postcranial characters. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10: 653-677. https://doi.org/10.1080 /14772019.2011.630681
- SPRINGHORN R. 1977. - Revision der alttertiaren europaischen Amphicyonidae (Carnivora, Mammalia). Palaeontographica Abteilung A 158 (1-3): 26-113.
- STEHLIN H. G. 1910. - Remarques sur les faunules de mammiferes des couches eocenes et oligocenes du Bassin de Paris. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 9: 488-520.
- SZALAY F. S. & DECKER R. L. 1974. - Origins, evolution, and function of the tarsus in Late Cretaceous Eutheria and Paleocene primates, in FARISH JENKINS A. JR (ed.), Primate Locomotion. Academic Press: 223-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12- 384050-9.50013-1
- SZALAY F. S. & LUCAS S. G. 1996. - The postcranial Morphology of Paleocene Chriacus and Mixodectes and the Phylogenetic Relationships of Archontan Mammals. Bulletin of New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 7: 1-47.
- TAYLOR M. E. 1989. - Locomotor adaptations by carnivores, in GITTLEMAN J. L. (ed.), Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution. Cornell University Press, Ithaca: 382-409. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4716-4_15
- TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les Carnassiers des Phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9 : 101-192.
- TOMIYA S. & TSENG Z. J. 2016. - Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora). Royal Society Open Science 3: 160518. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160518
- TROUESSART E. 1885. - Catalogue des mammiferes vivants et fossiles - Carnivores. Bulletin de la Societe d'Etudes scientifiques d'Angers 15 (suppl. issue): 1-108. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl. title.63808
- TSUBAMOTO T. 2014. - Estimating body mass from the astragalus in mammals. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59: 259-265.
- TURTON W. 1806. - A General System of Nature : Through the Three Grand Kingdoms of Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals, Systematically Divided into their Several Classes, Orders, Genera, Species, and Varieties, with their Habitations, Manners, Economy, Structure, and Peculiarities. Lackington, Allen, and Co., Temple of the Muses, Finsbury-Square, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/ bhl.title.37018
- VANDENBERGHE N., HILGEN F. J., SPEIJER R. P., OGG J. G., GRADSTEIN F. M., HAMMER O., HOLLIS C. J. & HOOKER J. J. 2012. - The Paleogene Period. The Geologic Time Scale: 855-921.
- VAN VALKENBURGH B. 1985. - Locomotor diversity within past and present guilds of large predatory mammals. Paleobiology 11: 406-428. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300011702
- VAN VALKENBURGH B. 1990. - Skeletal and dental predictors of body mass in carnivores. Body Size, in DAMUTH J. & MACFADDEN B. J. (eds), Mammalian Paleobiology. Estimation and Biological Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 181-206.
- VIRET J. 1929. - Les faunes de mammiferes de l'Oligocene superieur de la Limagne bourbonnaise. Annales de l'Universite de Lyon, nouvelle serie, 1, Science et Medecine 47: 1-327.
- WAIBL H., GASSE H., CONSTANTIESCU G. M., HASHIMOTO Y. & SIMOENS P. 2005. - Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. 5th edition. Editorial Committee, Germany, 190 p.
- WANG X. 1993. - Transformation from plantigrady to digitigrady: Functional morphology of locomotion in Hesperocyon (Canidae: Carnivora). American Museum Novitates 3069: 1-23. http://hdl. handle.net/2246/4966
- WHITE T. E. 1942. - The Lower Miocene mammal fauna of Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 92 (1): 1-49. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2825884
- WILSON D. E. & MITTERMEIER R. A. (EDS) 2009. - Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 1. Carnivores. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 726 p.
- WYSS A. R. & FLYNN J. J. 1993. - A phylogenetic analysis and definition of the Carnivora, in SZALAY F. S., NOVACEK M. J. & MCKENNA M. C. (eds), Mammal Phylogeny - Placentals. Springer Verlag, New York: 32-52.
- YENSEN E. & TARIFA T. 2003. - Galictis vittata. Mammalian Species 727: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1644/0.727.1
- ZACK S. P. 2011. - New species of the rare early Eocene creodont Galecyon and the radiation of early Hyaenodontidae. Journal of Paleontology 85 (2): 315-336. https://doi.org/10.1666/10-093.1
- ZACK S. P. & ROSE K. D. 2015. - The postcranial skeleton of Galecyon: evidence for morphological and locomotor diversity in early Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Hyaenodontida). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (6): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 2724634.2014.1001492
- ZACHOS J. C., DICKENS G. R. & ZEEBE R. E. 2008. - An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics. Nature 451: 279-283. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nature06588