Real-Time Simulation-Based Testing of Modern Energy Systems: A Review and Discussion

One can define an energy system as a system that converts one or more energy fluxes into other energy fluxes of a different kind. This definition may describe a relatively small system, for instance, a power plant, a chemical plant, or the heating and cooling apparatus of a single-family house, as well as one covering larger energy needs, for example, those of a city, a country, or even a continent. As energy systems are developed through the centuries, the way we structure these systems goes through changes affected by contextual conditions. Recently, concerns about the availability of traditional fossil energy sources and their environmental effects are revolutionizing the way energy systems are planned, designed, and operated.