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Published March 2, 2016 | Version v1
Taxonomic treatment Open

Ascaltis reticulum

Creators

  • 1. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941 - 902 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 6 BB 3 D 65 - 7166 - 4 A 2 A-AF 2 B- 7 F 13 EE 94 F 485 & Corresponding authors: mklautau @ biologia. ufrj. br; mimesek @ irb. hr
  • 2. Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Molecular Biology, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 5461 D 38 C-E 1 B 5 - 48 B 1 - A 41 B- 0134 F 337 A 143 & Corresponding authors: mklautau @ biologia. ufrj. br; mimesek @ irb. hr
  • 3. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941 - 902 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. & E-mail: nandaporifera @ gmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: DC 0 BE 6 B 4 - F 24 F- 4765 - BA 2 B-ED 17 D 774 B 2 B 7
  • 4. Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Molecular Biology, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. & E-mail: bplese @ irb. hr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 9 E 3 BEB 1 - 01 E 6 - 44 A 4 - 807 B- 4800 E 9393 C 09
  • 5. Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Laboratory for Benthos, P. O. Box 500, 21000, Split, Croatia. Equally contributed & E-mail: nikolic @ izor. hr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 84828 CF 3 - 6 BA 3 - 4541 - AEF 2 - 24422 CEA 0179
  • 6. Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Molecular Biology, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. & E-mail: cetkovic @ irb. hr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: BD 5 D 084 E- 8 AAE- 4 CBA- 991 B- 0901 EB 6 C 8 DE 1

Description

Ascaltis reticulum (Schmidt, 1862) Fig. 2; Table 2

Nardoa reticulum Schmidt, 1862: 18.

Tarrus reticulatus Haeckel, 1870: 244.

Nardopsis reticulum Haeckel, 1870: 247.

Ascandra reticulum Haeckel, 1872: 87.

Olynthus reticulum Haeckel, 1872: 88.

Clistolynthus reticulum Haeckel, 1872: 88.

Soleniscus reticulum Haeckel, 1872: 88.

Nardorus reticulum Haeckel, 1872: 88.

Tarrus reticulum Haeckel, 1872: 88.

Auloplegma reticulum Haeckel, 1872: 88.

Ascometra reticulum Haeckel, 1872: 88.

Ascandra retiformis Haeckel, 1872: 88.

Ascandra reticulata Haeckel, 1872: 88.

Clathrina reticulum Minchin, 1896: 359.

Ascandra hermesi Breitfuss, 1897a: 39.

Leucosolenia hermesi Dendy & Row, 1913: 722.

Nardoa reticulum – Schmidt 1869: 91; 1870: 73.

Ascandra reticulum – Vosmaer 1881: 5. — Lendenfeld 1891: 39. — Breitfuss 1897b: 214; 1898a: 23; 1898b: 92. — Brøndsted 1914: 530. Leucosolenia reticulata – Dendy & Row 1913: 723. — Breitfuss 1932: 243.

Leucosolenia reticulum – Dendy & Row 1913: 723. — Breitfuss 1930: 275; 1932: 243; 1935: 14. — Topsent 1934: 9; 1936: 22. — Hôzawa 1940: 32. — Arndt 1941: 4. — Tanita 1942: 82; 1943: 386. — Burton 1963: 200.

Ascandra retiformis – Breitfuss 1932: 243.

Leucosolenia hermesi – Tanita 1942: 82.

Clathrina reticulum – Borojević 1967: 189. — Borojević & Peixinho 1976: 993. — Borojević & Boury- Esnault 1987: 12. — Klautau & Valentine 2003: 36. — Longo & Pronzato 2011: 230. — Muricy et al. 2011: 34.

Ascaltis reticulum – Klautau et al. 2013: 452.

Original type locality

ADRIATIC SEA: Zara (Croatian: Zadar) and Sebenico (Croatian: Šibenik).

Type specimen

FRANCE: Banyuls-sur-Mer, Pyrenées, E.A. Minchin Collection (BMNH 1896.9.15.13, neotype proposed by Klautau & Valentine 2003).

Material examined

ADRIATIC SEA: near the Island of Čiovo, 43°28'58.5" N, 16°21'25.6" E, 5 m, 5 Nov. 2010, collected by B. Pleše and V. Nikolić (PMR-13739 = UFRJPOR 6870).

Colour

White in life and white in ethanol.

Description

Cormus is composed of regular and tightly anastomosed tubes. Water-collecting tubes are present (Fig. 2A).As the specimen was fragmented, it was not possible to observe the pseudoatrium. The skeleton is composed of one category of triactines, one of tetractines and diactines. Diactines are organised in tufts of two to five spicules, perpendicularly disposed in the tubes (Fig. 2B). Triactines are the most abundant spicules.

Spicules (Table 2)

TRIACTINES. Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are slightly conical to cylindrical, with sharp tips (Fig. 2C). Size: 88.2/ 9.5 µm.

TETRACTINES. Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are slightly conical to cylindrical, with sharp tips (Fig. 2D). The apical actine is very thin and shorter than the basal ones. It is cylindrical and blunt, covered by abundant tiny spines (Fig. 2E). Size: 79.1/ 8.8 µm (basal actine); 41.9/ 3.2 µm (apical actine).

DIACTINES. Slightly curved. The tip that protrudes through the surface is lanceolated (Fig. 2F). Trichoxeas are also present on the surface of the tubes. Size: 106.3/ 4.9 µm.

Ecology

Specimens were collected on a vertical, shaded hard limestone bottom.

Remarks

Klautau et al. (2013) proposed to transfer this species to the genus Ascaltis based mainly on morphological, but also on molecular data. Although the type species of this genus (A. lamarcki Haeckel, 1870) was not included in the molecular dataset, A. reticulum did not group with any of the included genera (Fig. 16). Besides, morphologically it is more similar to Ascaltis than to any other genus. Therefore, although the classification of A. reticulum in the genus Ascaltis must still be verified regarding the type species of the

genus, it was morphologically and molecularly proved that it cannot be included in the genus Clathrina. Hence, we keep the proposition of Klautau et al. (2013) and name this species A. reticulum.

This is the first time that spines were observed on the apical actine of the tetractines of A. reticulum. For that reason, we examined the neotype of this species and detected spines as well. They are abundant and very small. We also observed a great variation in the size of the diactines, which are much larger in the neotype (102.0–212.2 (±54.1)–306.0 /14.3 (±5.1) µm).

Notes

Published as part of Klautau, Michelle, Imešek, Mirna, Azevedo, Fernanda, Pleše, Bruna, Nikolić, Vedran & Ćetković, Helena, 2016, Adriatic calcarean sponges (Porifera, Calcarea), with the description of six new species and a richness analysis, pp. 1-52 in European Journal of Taxonomy 178 on pages 7-10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.178, http://zenodo.org/record/3832959

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Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

URL
http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3406810EDD20B20AFDB2FAC9085A362C

Cites
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.3832963 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.3832993 (DOI)
Dataset: http://table.plazi.org/id/E8D06090DD2EB20BFF3EFEFA0EA3357B (URL)
Is part of
Journal article: 10.5852/ejt.2016.178 (DOI)
Journal article: http://zenodo.org/record/3832959 (URL)
Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/C83FF976DD26B203FFDDFFCB0B3F3437 (URL)
Journal article: http://zoobank.org/E70C7637-C476-46CA-BAA7-BA959E0E64F5 (URL)
Is source of
https://sibils.text-analytics.ch/search/collections/plazi/3406810EDD20B20AFDB2FAC9085A362C (URL)
https://www.gbif.org/species/164167747 (URL)
https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/22049/taxon/3406810EDD20B20AFDB2FAC9085A362C.taxon (URL)

Biodiversity

Family
Leucascidae
Genus
Ascaltis
Kingdom
Animalia
Order
Clathrinida
Phylum
Porifera
Scientific name authorship
Schmidt
Species
reticulum
Taxon rank
species
Taxonomic concept label
Ascaltis reticulum (Schmidt, 1862) sec. Klautau, Imešek, Azevedo, Pleše, Nikolić & Ćetković, 2016

References

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  • Haeckel E. 1870. Prodromus eines Systems der Kalkschwamme. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Medicin und Naturwissenschaft 5: 236 - 254.
  • Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin.
  • Minchin E. A. 1896. Suggestions for a natural classification of the Asconidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 18: 349 - 362.
  • Breitfuss L. L. 1897 a. Ascandra hermesi, ein neuer homocoeler Kalkschwamm aus der Adria. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 63 (1): 39 - 42.
  • Dendy A. & Row H. 1913. The classification and phylogeny of the calcareous sponges, with a reference list of all the described species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47: 704 - 813. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1913. tb 06152. x
  • Schmidt O. 1869. Vorlaufige Mitteilungen uber die Spongien der Gronlandischen Kuste. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Steiermark 2: 89 - 97.
  • Schmidt O. 1870. Grundzuge einer Spongienfauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.
  • Lendenfeld R. von 1891. Die Spongien der Adria. I. Die Kalkschwamme. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.
  • Breitfuss L. L. 1897 b. Catalog der Calcarea der zoologischen Sammlung des koniglichen Museums fur Naturkunde zu Berlin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 63: 205 - 226.
  • Breitfuss L. L. 1898 a. Kalkschwammfauna des Weissen Meeres und der Eismeerkusten des europaischen Russlands. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg 6 (2): 1 - 41.
  • Breitfuss L. L. 1898 b. Kalkschwammfauna der Westkuste Portugals. Zoologische Jahrbucher 2: 89 - 102.
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  • Breitfuss L. L. 1932. Die Kalkschwammfauna des arktischen Gebietes. Fauna Arctica 6: 235 - 252.
  • Breitfuss L. L. 1930. Biogeographischer Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Spongienfauna der Arktis. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1929: 274 - 282.
  • Breitfuss L. L. 1935. La spugne calcarea dell'Adriatico con riflesso a tutto i 1 Mediterraneo. Memorie Reale Comitato Talassographico Italiano 2223: 1 - 45.
  • Topsent E. 1934. Apercu de la faune des eponges calcaires de la Mediterranee. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco 659: 1 - 20.
  • Topsent E. 1936. Etude sur les Leucosolenia. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco 711: 1 - 47.
  • Hozawa S. 1940. On some calcareous sponges from Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University 15: 29 - 58.
  • Arndt W. 1941. Eine neuere Ausbeute von Meeresschwammen der West- und Sudkuste Portugals. Memorias do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Coimbra 116: 1 - 75.
  • Tanita S. 1942. Key to all the described species of the genus Leucosolenia and their distribution. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University 17: 71 - 93.
  • Tanita S. 1943. Studies on the Calcarea of Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University 17 (4): 353 - 490.
  • Burton M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. British Museum, London.
  • Borojevic R. 1967. Spongiaires d'Afrique du Sud (2) Calcarea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 37: 183 - 226.
  • Borojevic R. & Peixinho S. 1976. Eponges calcaires du nord-nord-est du Bresil. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 3 (402): 987 - 1036.
  • Klautau M. & Valentine C. 2003. Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 1 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 0024 - 4082.2003.00063. x
  • Longo C. & Pronzato R. 2011. Class Calcarea. In: Pansini M., Manconi R. & Pronzato R. (eds) Fauna d'Italia - Porifera I - Calcarea, Demospongiae (partim), Hexactinellida, Homoscleromorpha: 117 - 244. Calderini, Bologna.
  • Muricy G., Lopes D. A., Hajdu E., Carvalho M. S., Moraes F. C., Klautau M., Menegola C. & Pinheiro U. 2011. Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
  • Klautau M., Azevedo F., Baslavi C. - L., Rapp H. T., Collins A. & Russo C. A. M. 2013. A molecular phylogeny for the order Clathrinida rekindles and refines Haeckel's taxonomic proposal for calcareous sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology 53 (3): 447 - 461. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / ict 039