PRESSING QUESTIONS OF CLASSIFICATION OF JUDICIAL EXAMINATIONS

Abstract. The author explores the relevant problems of the classification of the forensic examinations on various grounds and the value of classifications for the administration of justice in the science article. The author pays the special attention to the classification of the forensic examinations by the substantive grounds. The article draws attention to the fact that until recently the classification of the forensic examinations was carried out on the basis of those sciences the methods of which were used for researching of a certain set of objects, in particular, the author critically analyzes the attribution of certain types of the examinations, in particular of the linguistic, of the examination of materials and substances, of the examination of special technical means of the secretly obtaining information to the forensic ones. The attention is drawn to the fact that the integration and the differentiation that occur in modern science, affect the formation and use of the methods and tools of the expert research, affecting also the scope of their application – the specific types and kinds of the forensic examination, their nature and, as a consequence, the classification of the forensic examinations. The author considers the most famous classification of the forensic examinations, which is based on their distribution according to the degree of the commonality and the subordination into the four main levels – the classes, the genera, the types and the varieties (the groups) of the forensic examinations in the article. It is based on the nature of the field of the special knowledge, which are used in the holding the examination. The author emphasizes that a comprehensive criterion that allows more or less clearly to distinguish between different types of the examinations during their classification, in addition to the objects of examination, also includes an idea about the subject and objectives of this type of the examination, its methods and the nature of the substantiating knowledge and takes into account the genesis of its development. The scientific classification of forensic examinations is of direct importance for the correct evaluating of the validity of the conclusion of the expert.