Bathyphysa conifera

Bathyphysa conifera (Studer, 1878)

Rhizophysa conifera Studer, 1878a, p. 4, Pl. 1, figs, 2, 4–7, Pl. 2, figs. 13–18; 1878b, p. 89; Lens van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 106;

Leloup, 1936, p. 19. Bathyphysa abyssorum Studer, 1878a, p. 21, Pl. 3; Haeckel, 1888b, p. 248; Chun 1897a, p. 104; Schneider, 1898, p. 171; Lens &

van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 105; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321, 351; Leloup, 1936, p. 19, Pl. I, fig. 7–8; Carré & Carré, 1995, p. 561. Pterophysa grandis Fewkes, 1886, p. 969, Pl. 10, figs. 1-3; 1889, p. 515 Chun, 1897, p. 104; Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p.

107, Pl. 19, Pl. 34, figs. 167–170; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321; Leloup, 1936, p. 20 Bathyphysa grandis Haeckel, 1888b, p. 249. Linophysa conifera Haeckel, 1888a, p. 45; 1888b, p. 326. Bathyphysa grimaldii Bedot, 1893, p. 4, Pl. 1; 1904, p. 14, Pls. 3–4; Chun, 1897, p. 104; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321, 351 Leloup,

1936, p. 21, Pl. I, fig. 1, 3–4; Kawamura, 1947, p. 95, figs. 1–5; 1954, p. 120, text-fig. 2, Pl. V, fig. 1–, Pl. VI, fig. 1–2, Pl.

VII, fig. 1–7; Patriti, 1970, p. 75, fig. 106. Pterophysa abyssorum Schneider, 1898, p. 171. Pterophysa conifera Schneider, 1898, p. 171; Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 106; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321. Pterophysa grimaldii Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 107 Pterophysa (Bathyphysa) studeri Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 111, Pl. 20, fig. 149, Pl. 22, figs. 153–155, 157–159, Pl. 23, fig. 165, Pl. 25, fig. 171; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321, 351; Leloup, 1936, p. 21.

Bathyphysa conifera Leloup, 1936, p. 23, Pl. I, fig. 2, 5–6, Pl. II; 1955a, p. 14, fig. 4–6, 1955b, p. 17; Totton, 1965; p. 43, Pl. V, fig.3, Pl. VI, fig. 1–4; Janssen et al 1989, p. 198; Jones & Pugh, 2016, p. 1.

Bathyphysa sibogae Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908

Bathyphysa sibogae Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 114, Pl. 20, fig. 148. Pl. 23, figs. 160–164, Pl. 24; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321, 351; Leloup, 1936, p. 22, Pl. I, fig. 9; Totton, 1965, p. 43, Pl. V, fig. 2; Biggs & Harbison, 1976, p. 14, fig. 1–4; Dunn & Wagner, 2006, p. 745, fig. 3;

Physalia physalis Linné, 1758

Holothuria physalis Linnaeus, 1758, p. 657; 1759, p. 254, Pl. III, fig. 6; 1760, p. 657; 1767, p. 1090; 1772, p. 198; Osbeck,

1765, p. 371 (non Plate 12 legend); 1771, p. 105, Pl. 12, fig. 1; Hjortberg, 1769, p. 226, Pl. VII (partim); Torén, 1771, p.

166, 262; Gmelin, 1788, p. 3139; Voigt, 1806, p. 507; Blumenbach, 1814, p. 443; Bennett, 1834, p. 6; Griffith & Pidgeon,

1834, p. 490, Zoophytes pl. 5, fig. 1; Chun, 1897a, p. 86;: Burmeister, 1885–1891, p. 2. Holothuria velificans Osbeck, 1765, Pl. 12, fig. 1; 1771 (Part 1, Pl. 12, fig. 1; Part 2, pp, 74; Torén, 1865, p. 166, 263; De Haan,

1827, p. 496; Chun, 1897a, p. 86. Medusa caravella O . F. Müller, 1776, p. 190, Pl. 2, fig. 2; Gmelin, 1788, p. 3156; de Frémenville, 1824a, p. 44; 1824b, p. 321

[both citing Linné as the authority]; De Haan, 1827, p. 500; Spagnolini, 1869, p. 642; 1870, p. 40. Meduse La Martinière, 1787, p. 365, Pl. 2, figs. 13–14; Medusa utriculus Gmelin, 1788, p. 3155; La Perouse, 1797, atlas, Pl. 20, figs. 13–14; Blainville, 1830, p. 102; 1834, p. 113;

Lamarck, 1840, p. 94; Fenner et al., p. 500, fig. 1; Gershwin et al, 2010, p. 79, Fig. 4 A–C; Chun, 1897a, p. 86. Physsophora physalis Modeer, 1789, p. 285, Pl. 10, figs. 1-2. Physalia pelagica Lamarck, 1801, p. 356; 1816, p.480; 1840, p. 92; Tilesius, 1810, p. 184; Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 421, Pl. 35, fig.

2; de Fréminville, 1824a, p. 42; 1824b, pp. 320; de Haan, 1827, p. 496; Deslonchamps, 1828, p.468; Eschscholtz, 1829, p.

162; Olfers, 1832, p. 38; Bennett, 1837, p.43; 1860, p. 5; Lesson, 1843, p. 545; Thompson, 1844, p. 281; Huxley, 1859, p.

100; Chun, 1887, p. 557; 1897a, p. 87; 1897b, p. 8; Haeckel, 1888b, p. 351; Burmeister, 1885-91, p. 13; Mayer, 1900, p.

73. Physalia pelasgica Bosc, 1802, p. 159, Pl. 19, figs. 1-2; 1830, p. 198, Pl. 16, figs. 1-2; Bory de St Vincent, 1804, Vol III, p. 288,

Pl. 54, fig. 1 (Atlas); Blainville, 1830, p. 103; Bennett, 1834, p.6;1837, p. 43; Chun, 1897a, p. 87. Physalia gigantea Bory de St. Vincent, 1804, Vol III, p. 289. Physalia Australis Péron, 1807, p. 210; Lesson, 1826, Pl. 5, figs. 1-2; 1830, p. 38; Chun 1887, p. 558; 1897b, p. 8. Physalia megalista Lesueur & Petit, 1807, Pl. 29, fig. 1; De Haan, 1827, p. 496; Lamarck, 1840, p. 94; Olfers, 1832, p. 32. Physalis arethusa Tilesius, 1810, p. 298; Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 420, Pl. 35, fig. 1; Blainville, 1826, p. 131; De Haan, 1827, p.

497; Chun, 1897a, p. 558. Physalis glauca Tilesius, 1810, p. 300; Blainville, 1826, p. 131; 1830, p. 103; 1834, p. 113; De Haan, 1827, p. 496. Physalis pelagica Tilesius, 1810, p. 302; Lamarck, 1816, p. 480; Blainville, 1826, p. 132; 1834, p. 113; Lesson, 1830, p. 41. Physalis lamartinieri Tilesius, 1810, p. 309; Eschscholtz, 1825, p. 744; Blainville, 1826, p. 132; 1830, p. 103; 1834, p. 113 De

Haan, 1827, p. 496; Olfers, 1832, p. 36. Physalis cornuta Tilesius, 1810, p. 314; Blainville, 1826, p. 132; 1834, p. 113; De Haan, 1827, p. 496. Physalis osbeckii Tilesius, 1810, p. 314; De Haan, 1827, p. 496. Physalia afer Tilesius, 1810, p. 314, Pl. 1, figs. 14, 16; De Haan, 1827, p. 496. Arethusa caravella Oken, 1815, p. 128. Physalis pelagica Lamarck, 1816, p. 480. Physalis tuberculosa Lamarck, 1816, p. 480; 1840, p. 93; Lesson, 1826, Pl. 5, fig. 3; 1830, p. 40; Blainville, 1834, p. 113; Chun,

1887, p. 558; 1897b, p. 8. Physalis megalista Lamarck, 1816, p. 481. Physalis elongata Lamarck, 1816, p. 481. Physalia arethus a Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 420, Pl. 35, fig. 1; Eschscholtz, 1825, p. 744; De Haan, 1827, p. 496, Blainville, 1830,

p. 103; Lesson, 1830, p. 41; Olfers, 1832, p. 3, Pl. I, II; van der Hoeven, 1856, p. 112, L. Agassiz, 1862, pp. 335, 367, Pl.

35; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 215, fig. 351; Fewkes, 1880, p. 139; 1883, p. 79; 1889, p. 518; Burmeister, 1885–91, p. 13: Chun,

1882b, p. 55; 1887, p. 557; 1897a, p. 89; Vanhöffen, 1906, p. 36, figs. 55-57; Koeppern, 1913, p. 18, figs. 1-3. Physalia lamartinieri Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 421; De Haan, 1827, p. 496; Blainville, 1830, p. 113; Lesson, 1830, p. 41. Physalia osbeckii Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 421; De Haan, 1827, p. 496; Lesson, 1830, p. 41. Physalia Laperouse Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 421; Non Bory de St. Vincent, 1804. Physalia producta Olfers, 1822, pp. 347-356, Plate I; 1832, p. 32; De Haan, 1827, p. 498. Physalia obverse van Hasselt, 1823, p. 1414; 1824, p. 118; Olfers, 1832, p. 177. Physaliae Eichwald, 1824, p. 453, Pl. XV, figs. 1–7.

Holothuria Thalia de Frémenville, 1824a, p. 43; 1824b. p. 321.

Physalia Thalia de Frémenville, 1824a, p. 44; 1824b, p. 322.

Physalia cristallina de Frémenville, 1824a, p. 44; 1824b, p. 322.

Physalia hyalina de Frémenville, 1824a, p. 44; 1824b, 323.

Physalia gaimardi Blainville, 1826, p. 132; 1830, p. 103; 1834, p. 113; De Haan, 1827, p. 498

Physalia atlantica Lesson, 1826, Pl. 4, figs. 3–4; 1830, p. 36; Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834, Pl. 5, fig. 1; Burmeister, 1885–91, p. 13; Chun, 1887, p. 557; 1897b, p. 8.

Physalia antarctica Lesson, 1826, Pl. 5, fig. 2; 1830, p.39; Burmeister, 1885–91, p. 13.

Physalia azoricum Lesson, 1826, Pl. 5, fig. 4; 1830, p. 42; 1843, p. 555.

Physalia Boiei De Haan, 1827, p. 502.

Thalia Brugière et al. 1827, p. 159, P. 89, fig. 1.

Physalis cystisoma Lesson, 1828, Pl. after p. 466; 1830, p. 39; 1843, p. 557.

Physalia elongata Lessons, 1828, p. 468; Lamarck, 1840, p. 9.

Physalia caravella Eschscholtz, 1829, p. 160, Pl. 14, fig. 1; Gegenbaur, 1853, p. 340; Huxley, 1859, p. 100; Spagnolioni, 1869, p. 642; Carus, 1885, p. 49; Chun, 1887, p. 557; 1888a, p. 1173; 1888b, p. 245;1897b, p. 8; Bigelow, 1891, p. 90.

Physalia utriculus Eschscholtz, 1829, p. 163, Pl. 14, fig.2; Blainville, 1834, p. 113; Lamarck, 1840, p. 94; Lesson; 1843, p. 557; Leuckart, 1851, p.190, Pl. 6, figs. 1-6; Huxley, 1859, p. 101, Pl. 10, Pl. 12, fig. 12; Haeckel, 1888b, p. 351; Burmeister, 1885–91, p. 13; Chun 1887, p. 558; 1897a, p. 86; 1897b, p. 8; Agassiz & Mayer, 1902, p. 169, Pl. 10, figs. 43-44; Browne, 1904, p. 744; Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 118, Pl. 24, figs. 175–175; Steche, 1910, p. 361,figs.1–8; Bigelow, 1911, p.321; 1919, p. 347; Browne, 1926, p. 84; Kawamura, 1954, p. 120; Barnes, 1963, p. 7, figs. 1-6; Halstead, 1965, p. 300; Williamson et al., 1996, p. 137; Alam et al, 2002, p. 9; Collins, 2002, p. 420; Yanagihara et al, 2002, p. 139.

Physalia eschholtzi Olfers, 1832, p. 37.

Physalus arethusa Blainville, 1834, p. 113.

Physalia (Salacia) megalis ta Brandt, 1835, p. 237

Physalia (Salacia) pelagica Brandt, 1835, p. 237

Physalia (Alophota) olfersii Brandt, 1835, p. 237; Lesson, 1843, p. 559.

Physalia olfersii Quatrefages, 1854, p. 109, Pl. 3–4.

Physalia ambigua Brandt, 1835, p. 237.

Physalia tuberculosa Lamarck, 1840, p. 93

Physalia megalista Lamarck, 1840, p. 94.

Physalia elongata Lamarck, p. 94.

Physalia aurigera McCrady, 1857, p. 74; Fewkes, 1880, p. 144;

Alophota olfersii Haeckel, 1888a, p. 46

Alophota giltschiana Haeckel, 1888a, p. 46; 1888b, p. 348, Pl. 26, figs. 1-3; Chun, 1897a, p. 87.

Arethusa challengeri Haeckel, 1888a, p. 46; 1888b, p. 349, Pl. 26, figs. 4-8; Chun, 1897a, p. 87.

Alophota mertensii Haeckel, 1888b, p. 348.

Arethusa thalia Haeckel, 1888b, p. 349.

Caravella maxima Haeckel, 1888b, p. 352.

Caravella gigantea Haeckel, 1888b, p. 352.

Physalia physalis Schneider, 1898, p. 190; Richter, 1907, p. 571, text-figs. 7-12, Pl. 27, figs. 14–18, Pl. 28, figs. 19–26; Steche, 1910, p. 358, figs. 9-10; Bigelow, 1911, p. 322; Moser 1924, fig. 510; 1925, p. 452; Leloup, 1934, p. 2; 1955a, p. 17; 1955b, p. 17; Woodcock, 1944, p. 195, fig.46; 1956, p. 253; Wilson, 1947, p. 139;, Pl. I-III; Totton, 1954, p. 15; 1960, p. 301; 1965a, p. 39, Pl. I, fig. 1; Fagetti, 1958, p. 189, fig.; Tregouboff & Rose, 1957, p. 349, pl. 78, figs. 1–5; Lenhoff & Schneiderman, 1959, p. 452, figs. 1–8; Mackie, 1960, p. 369, text-figs. 1–5, Pls. XXVI-XXVIII; 1965, p. 439, fig. 1;Totton, 1960. p. 303, text-figs. 1–31, Plates VII-XXV; 1965, p. 39, figs.1, 5, 6, Pl. I, fig. 1; Daniel & Daniel, 1963c, p. 189, fig. I, 11–13; Stepanjants, 1966, p. 1619, figs. 2,7; 1967, fig. 1Б, 12, 17, 28, 40-41, 54A; Pickwell, 1967, p. 9, figs. 2,7; Gillet & Yaldwyn, 1969, p. 34, textfigs, 18-19, Pls. 15–16; Patriti, 1970c, p. 76, fig. 107; Hulet et al., 1974, p. 99, fig. 1-8; Daniel, 1974, p. 22, Text-fig. 1A-G; 1982, fig. 1(1–3); 1985, p. 45, fig. 8a-e; Kirkpatrick & Pugh, 1986, p. 26, fig. 5; Southcott, 1982, p. 124, Pl. 13/5; Gili, 1986, p. 265, figs. 4.62k,n, 4.113i; Marsh & Slack-Smith, 1986, p. 13, figs. 9–10; Gasca, 1990a, p. 41, Pl. I, fig. 1; 1990b, p. 111, fig. 1; Bonnemains & Carré, 1991, p. 39, fig. 9; Pagès, 1991, p. 304, fig. 8.1; Fenner at al., 1993, o. 500, fig.2; Carré & Carré, 1995, p. 562, fig. 184; Wrobel & Mills, 1998, p. 45, fig. 59; Pugh, 1999a, p. 479, fig. 3.1; Sutherland & Tibballs, 2001, p. 609, figs.26.13-14; Gao et a l, 2002, p. 64, text-fig. 23; Migotto et al 2002, p. 21, fig. 27; Bouillon et al, 2004, p. 209, fig. 121B–D; 2006, p. 441, Fig. 207A–C; Dunn et al, 2005, p.917, fig.1a; Zhang, 2005, p. 15, fig. 1B, 11; Araujo, 2006, p. 48, Pl. 1, fig. 1; 2012, p. 57; Bardi & Marques, 2007, p. 425, figs. 1–36; Iosilevskii & Weihs, 2009, p. 613, figs. 1,8; Prieto et al, 2015, p. 1; Araya et al, 2016, p. 731.

Physalia physalis var. utriculus Kawamura, 1910, p. 449, text-figs. 4–6, Pl. XIV, figs.2-6; Dakin & Colefax, 1933, p. 198; 1954, p. 124; Hong, 1964, p. 117, Pl. IX, fig. 1; Tokioka, 1970, p. 183; 1973, p. 141; Park & Song, 2004, p. 34, fig. 2A-D.

Physalis physalis Birsa et al., 2010, p. 429.

Rhizophysa eysenhardtii Gegenbaur, 1859

Rhizophysa eysenhardtii Gegenbaur, 1859, p. 408, Pl. 32, figs. 46–49; Fewkes, 1883, p.82, Pl. 1, fig. 1; Chun, 1897, p. 83, Pl. V, fig. 9; Mayer, 1900, p. 72; Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 103, Pl. 20, fig. 47, pl. 21, fig. 150, Pl. 24, fig. 172; Kawamura, 1910, p. 445, Pl. XIV, fig. 1–2; 1954, p. 118; Bigelow, 1911, p. 320; Leloup, 1934, p. 2; 1936, p. 15; 1956, p. 475; Daniel & Daniel, 1963, p. 190, fig. II, 1–2; Totton, 1965, p. 42, Pl. I, fig. 3, Pl. V, fig. 1, Pl. VII; Daniel, 1985, p. 53, fig. 10; Pagès, 1991, p. 305, fig. 8.2; Pagès & Gili, 1992, p. 68, fig. 2; Pugh, 1999, p. 480, fig. 3.3; Dunn et al, 2005, p. 922, fig.5–9.

Nectophysa wyvillei Haeckel, 1888a, p. 45; 1888b, p. 327, Pl. 23; Agassiz & Mayer, 1902, p.169, Pl.8, fig. 36.

Aurophysa ordinata Haeckel, 1888a, p. 44; 1888b, p. 323.

Pneumophysa mertensii Haeckel, 1888a, p. 45; 1888b, p. 328.

Rhizophysa mertensii Schneider, 1898, p. 170.

? Rizophysa planestoma Lesueur & Petit, 1807, Pl. 39, fig. 3; Eschscholtz, 1829, p. 147; Blainville, 1834, p. 118 [spelt planostoma]; Lamarck, 1840, p. 83; Lesson, 1843, p. 491.

? Rhizophysa planestoma Eschscholtz, 1829, p. 147; Blainville, 1834, p. 118; Lesson, 1843, p. 491.

? Rhizophysa filiformis Huxley, 1859, p.90, pl. 8, fig. 13–20.

? Rhizophysa inermis Studer, 1878a, p.13, Pl.1, figs. 3, 8–10.

? Aurophysa inermis Haeckel, 1888a, p.44; 1888b, p. 324.