Crambidae
- 1. Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton ,, Canada
- 2. University of Alberta Strickland Entomology Museum ,, Canada
- 3. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada
- 4. Calgary ,, Canada
Description
46. Crambidae – snout moths
A diverse family of moths that until recently was considered to be a subfamily of Pyralidae. They can be separated from all other moths except the Pyralidae by the presence of tympanal chambers on the base of the abdomen, in the space between the thorax and abdomen. They can be separated from the Pyralidae by having a broad opening of the tympanal chambers, and the presence of a large flap (the praecinctorum) over the tympana, between the thorax and abdomen. Several crambid species in a number of subfamilies superficially resemble noctuids but can be easily distinguished from them by the scaled proboscis (in all Pyraloidea). Larvae of most species are borers or concealed feeders of plants. Many species feed on primitive plants such as mosses, rushes, and grasses. Several species are pests of cereal crops.
Over 11 000 species of crambids are known worldwide. In North America, 770 species are known, 121 of which are reported herein from AB. Th e arrangement of subfamilies, tribes, and genera presented here follows Munroe et al. (1995).
46.1. Scopariinae
Small (10–30 mm wingspan) moths with brown and white or black and white triangular forewings. They can be separated from other Crambidae by the presence of indistinct black scale tufts on the forewings. Larvae are borers or leaf webbers of primitive or higher plants.
Four hundred and seventy-nine species of Scopariinae are known worldwide, from all regions. Th irty-seven species are known in North America, six of which are reported from AB. Th e group was revised by Munroe (1972a).
934 * R h Gesneria centuriella ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775) Jun – Jul M B G T: Munroe (1972a) L: Kearfott (1905), Bowman (1951), Munroe (1972a) C: AGRL, CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
935 * R Scoparia biplagialis Walker, 1866 M Jul – E Aug m B – T: Munroe (1972a) L:? Munroe (1972a), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: NFRC, OLDS, UASM
936 * U Scoparia basalis Walker, 1866 Jul M b g T: Munroe (1972a) L: Bowman (1951) C:?CNC,?UASM
937 R Eudonia albertalis (Dyar, 1929) Jul M B – T: Munroe (1972a) L: Bowman (1951), Munroe (1972a), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS
938 R Eudonia spaldingalis (Barnes and McDunnough, 1912) Jul M – – T: Munroe (1972a) L: Munroe (1972a) C: CNC, NFRC
939 * R Eudonia lugubralis (Walker, 1866) Jun – Aug M B g T: Munroe (1972a) L: Bowman (1951), Munroe (1972a), Lafontaine and Wood (1997) C: CNC,?NFRC, UASM
46.2. Crambinae – grass moths
Small to medium-sized (10–35 mm wingspan) moths with elongate palps, narrow triangular forewings, and fan-shaped hindwings. Most species have forewings marked
with longitudinal dark and light marks. Adults generally rest head downward, with their wings rolled into a tight tube. Larvae are stem borers or root feeders, predominantly on grasses. Several species are turf pests.
Approximately 1900 species of Crambinae are known worldwide. One hundred and ninety-three species are known in North America, 45 of which are reported from AB. Th e group is in need of a modern species-level revision, and useful references are scattered. Landry (1995) revised the tribes and genera. Fernald (1896) and Kearfott (1908) provided the most recent coverage of many species; other groups have been treated more recently by Klots (1940, 1942, 1968, 1970), Capps (1965, 1966), and Bleszynski (1970).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Related works
- Is part of
- Journal article: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 (DOI)
- Journal article: http://zenodo.org/record/576629 (URL)
- Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF8B8A2E9F2CA426E62BFFD7FFC6AF1B (URL)
Biodiversity
- Family
- Crambidae
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Lepidoptera
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Taxon rank
- family
References
- Munroe E, Becker VO, Shaffer JC, Shaffer M, Solis MA (1995) Pyraloidea. In: J. B. Heppner (Ed) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Vol. 3. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL, 34 - 105.
- Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134.
- Kearfott WD (1905) Assiniboia microlepidoptera collected by Mr. T. N. Willing. The Canadian Entomologist 37: 119 - 125.
- Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.
- Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.
- Lafontaine JD, Wood DM (1997) Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) of the Yukon. In: Danks HV, Downes JA (Eds) Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa, ON, 723 - 785.
- Landry B (1995) A phylogenetic analysis of the major lineages of the Crambinae and of the genera of Crambini of North America (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Memoirs on Entomology International 1: 1 - 242.
- Fernald CH (1896) Th e Crambidae of North America. Massachussets Agricultural College, Amherst, MA, 93 pp.
- Kearfott WD (1908) Descriptions of new species of North American crambid moths. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 367 - 393.
- Klots AB (1940) North American Crambus I. Th e silvery striped species of California (Pyralidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 39: 53 - 70.
- Klots AB (1942) North American Crambus II. New species. American Museum Novitates 1191: 1 - 17.
- Klots AB (1968) The North American Microcrambus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 76: 9 - 21.
- Klots AB (1970) North American Crambinae: notes on the tribe Chiloini and a revision of the genera Eoreuma Ely and Xubida Schaus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 78: 100 - 120.
- Capps HW (1965) A review of the genus Haimbachia Dyar with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 117: 629 - 654.
- Capps HW (1966) Review of New World moths of the genus Euchromius Guenee, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 119: 1 - 10.
- Bleszynski S (1970) A revision of the world species of Chilo Zincken (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 25: 99 - 195.