Micromodels for the in-plane failure analysis of masonry walls: Limit analysis, FEM and FEM/DEM approaches

In the last decades the modeling of masonry structures has become an argument particularly appealing for many researchers and a large variety of numerical techniques have been formulated with the aim to produce practical applications in civil engineering, with special reference to the preservation and restoration of cultural heritage. Nevertheless, the question appears today still far from being resolved in a general way. The characteristics of fragility, heterogeneity and anisotropy of masonry, as well as the extreme variety of the building/construction rules strongly compromise the possibility of a unified description of its mechanical behavior. In this work a comparison of different models and techniques for the assessment of the mechanical behavior of two-dimensional block masonry walls subjected to the static action of in-plane loads is presented. Different approaches and numerical models are considered: a Limit Analysis approach (LA), a FEM/DEM procedure and a non-linear heterogeneous Finite Element analysis (FE). Here a standard Limit Analysis is adopted via a homemade procedure based on Linear Mathematical Programming, considering friction at interfaces. Analyses are performed referring to benchmark examples from literature.