Autism – risk factors and treatment

Wójcik Magdalena, Boreński Grzegorz, Poleszak Julita, Szabat Przemysław, Szabat Marta, Milanowska Joanna. Autism – risk factors and treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(8):436-444. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3379073

http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7334

 

 

 

 

The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017).

1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7

 

© The Authors 2019;

This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland

Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.

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The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

 

Received: 05.08.2019. Revised: 15.08.2019. Accepted: 27.08.2019.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Autism – risk factors and treatment

 

Magdalena Wójcik^1*, Grzegorz Boreński¹, Julita Poleszak¹, Przemysław Szabat¹, Marta Szabat¹, Joanna Milanowska²

 

(1) Student Science Club at the Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin 

(2) Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin

 

* E-mail address: magdalena.wojcik967@gmail.com

 

ORCID ID:

Grzegorz Boreński https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-7555

Magdalena Wójcik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0999-6284

Julita Poleszak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-6262

Marta Szabat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6309-2027

Przemysław Szabat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-1900

Joanna Milanowska https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1583

 

Abstract

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders that are characterized by persistent moderate to severe impairment in social skills and communication but also repetitive or stereotyped behaviours and interests. Many factors have been suggested to cause autism. However, its aetiology is still not fully understood. There are many kinds of treatments: behavioural treatment, pharmacological approach and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies.

The aim of the study: The purpose of this systemic review was to collect and analyse available data about aetiology and treatment of ASD.

Material and method: Standard criteria were used to review the literature data. The search of articles in the PubMed database was carried out using the following keywords: autism spectrum disorder, aetiology, treatment.

Description of the state of knowledge: The study that is one of the biggest population-based twin studies of autism shows that heritability of autism is around 55%. Literature reports that approximately 10% children with autism or ASD have other chromosomal or genetic disorder and the most common is Fragile X and it is the most common cause of autism. Several environmental risk factors were thought to be the cause of autism. Nevertheless, only some of them might have an influence on developing ASD. There are many forms of behavioural treatment, but only two drugs were approved for ASD symptoms treatment. CAM offers many different therapies but their efficiency is not strong enough. 

Summary: The aetiology of ASD remains unclear. Reports of different factors being cause of developing ASD are not consistent. When it comes to treatment, early diagnosis and intervention are very important and can result in better onset of the disorder. ASD is subject of many researches but still even more is needed to answer the questions of aetiology and successful treatment of ASD.

 

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, aetiology, treatment