Efficacy of Casein Phosphopeptide - Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) and Grape Seed Extract (GSE) on Enamel Remineralization. An Invitro Study

Background and objectives: Aim of the present in vitro study is to compare the remineralizing effect of Casein phosphopeptide and Amorphous Calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and Grape seed extract (GSE) by evaluation of DIAGNOdent values and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Materials and methods: 45 therapeutic maxillary first premolars were cut into buccal and lingual halves using with help of a diamond disc under water coolant. Buccal halves were taken into the study. A 5x5 mm window was created using a stick-on paper on the buccal surface and the remaining surfaces were coated with black color nail varnish. The teeth were placed in the demineralizing solution to induce artificial carious lesion on the occlusal surface .They were divided into three groups, Group 1 with  artificial saliva (control), Group 2 and 3 were treated with 2 different remineralizing agents (Casein phosphopeptide and Amorphous Calcium phosphate) & (Grape seed extract) for a specific time period and stored in artificial saliva. In Each group some samples were evaluated with SEM for surface topography and all the samples were evaluated with DIAGNOdent at every step.  Statistical analysis was done by using ANOVA to know the significant difference among three study groups. Tukeys post hoc test, repeated measures of ANOVA were used to identify which among the three groups differ significantly with respect to DIAGNOdent values after remineralization. Bonferroni post hoc test was used for pair-wise comparison of scores over different time intervals in each study group. Statistically Significant difference was observed at p<0.05. Result: After remineralization, mean ±S.D. of Artificial saliva (12.40±2.06), Tooth mousse (5.67±1.35) and Grape seed extract (GSE) (8.27±0.88). ANOVA showed that there was a statistically significant difference was observed among three groups. Overall CPP-ACP showed significant amount of remineralization over remaining two groups. Conclusion: The SEM pictures of the three groups suggest remineralization in the order, with the CPP-ACP showing the greatest amount of mineral deposits, followed by GSE and then artificial saliva.