ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF KIDNEY DISEASE AMONG LOCAL POPULATION OF PAKISTAN

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) present a significant global health challenge in the current century and have replaced communicable diseases as the most common causes of morbidity and premature mortality worldwide.

Aims and objectives: The basic aim of this study is to analyze the increasing risk factors of kidney disease among local population of Pakistan.

Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot during September 2017 to August 2018. The baseline survey included questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, physical examination as well as ultrasound and laboratory assessment. Apart from questions directly related to kidney disease, questions regarding family as well as personal history of diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and stroke were also asked. Information on smoking, regular exercise, alcohol intake, dietary habits including extra-salt or fat intake were also asked.

Results: Table 01 shows the prevalence of CKD. Among all, 218(74.40%) had GFR >90, 61(20.81) were in CKD stage 2 with eGFR 60-89, and 14(4.77%) in CDK stage 3 with eGFR 30-59. The socio-demographic and clinical factors independently associated with presence of CKD were older age, hypertension, diabetes, elevated SBP, raised fasting plasma glucose, raised triglycerides, and history of stroke. Conclusion: It is concluded that CKD was independently associated with older age, hypertension, diabetes, raised systolic BP, raised plasma fasting glucose, raised triglycerides, and history of stroke.