Published December 31, 2014
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha
Creators
Description
Makarkin, Vladimir N., Archibald, S. Bruce (2014): A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha. Zootaxa 3784 (4): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4
Files
Restricted
The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.
Linked records
Additional details
References
- Aspock, H. (1986) The Raphidioptera of the world: a review of present knowledge. In: Gepp, J., Aspock, H. & Holzel, H. (Eds.), Recent Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Neuropterology. Privately printed, Graz, Austria, pp. 15-29.
- Aspock, H. & Aspock, U. (1966) Zwei neue Arten des Genus Raphidia L. aus Kleinasien (Insecta, Neuroptera). Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, Wien, 13, 69-72.
- Aspock, H. & Aspock, U. (1968a) Raphidiidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). 154. Beitrag der Serie "Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei". Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 28, 115-120.
- Aspock, H. & Aspock, U. (1968b) Agulla voluptaria nov. spec. und Agulla casta nov. spec. aus Spanien (Neuroptera, Raphidiidae). Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, Wien, 15, 22-30.
- Aspock, H. & Aspock, U. (1968c) Vorlaufige Mitteilung zur generischen Klassifizierung der Raphidiodea (Insecta, Neuroptera). Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, Wien, 15, 53-64.
- Aspock, H. & Aspock, U. (1973) Inocellia (Amurinocellia n. subg.) calida n. sp. - eine neue Spezies der Familie Inocelliidae (Ins., Rhaphidioptera [sic]) aus Ostasien (Mit einer Uebersicht uber die Inocelliiden Asiens). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 33, 91-96.
- Aspock, H. & Aspock, U. (2013) Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Entomologica Austriaca, 20, 9-155.
- Aspock, H., Aspock, U. & Rausch, H. (1977) Polyzentrische Ausbreitung eines "sibirisch-mediterranen" Faunenelements am Beispiel der polytypischen Kamelhalsfliege Raphidia ophiopsis L. (Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 28 (for 1976), 89-105.
- Aspock, H., Aspock, U. & Rausch, H. (1991) Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Okologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Ubersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). 2 Vols. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 730 & 550 pp.
- Aspock, U. (1988) Negha meridionalis n. sp. - eine neue Inocelliiden-Spezies aus Sud-Kalifornien (U.S.A.) und Baja California (Mexiko) (Neuropteroidea: Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 39 (for 1987), 107-112.
- Aspock, U. & Aspock, H. (1968) Zwei neue Inocelliiden-Spezies aus Asien (Neuroptera, Raphidiodea). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 28, 184-189.
- Aspock, U. & Aspock, H. (1970) Untersuchungen uber die Raphidiopteren Mexikos (Insecta, Neuropteroidea). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 40, 705-725.
- Aspock, U. & Aspock, H. (1978) Raphidia (Aliaberaphidia) tenochtitlana n. sp. - eine neue Raphidiiden-Spezies aus Baja California (Mexiko) (Neuropteroidea, Raphidioptera). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 30, 21-24.
- Aspock, U. & Aspock, H. (2004) Two significant new snakeflies from Baltic amber, with discussion on autapomorphies of the order and its included taxa (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology, 29, 11-19.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2004.00245.x
- Aspock, U. & Aspock, H. (2008) Phylogenetic relevance of the genital sclerites of Neuropterida (Insecta: Holometabola). Systematic Entomology, 33, 97-127.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00396.x
- Aspock, U. & Aspock, H. (2013) Alena Navas, 1916 - the dethroned genus and Alena (Aztekoraphidia) michoacana sp. n. from Mexico (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N.F.), 60, 53-58.
- Aspock, H., Aspock, U. & Rausch, H. (1982) Der gegenwartige Stand der Erforschung der Raphidiopteren von Indien, Pakistan und Afghanistan (Neuropteroidea). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 34, 2-18.
- Aspock, U., Aspock, H. & Rausch, H. (1992) Rezente Sudgrenzen der Ordnung Raphidioptera in Amerika (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Entomologia Generalis, 17, 169-184.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/17/1992/169
- Aspock, U., Aspock, H. & Rausch, H. (1994a) Alena (Mexicoraphidia) americana (Carpenter, 1958): Taxonomie, Systematik, Okologie und Chorologie (Neuropteroidea: Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 46, 131-139.
- Aspock, U., Aspock, H. & Rausch, H. (1994b) Neue Arten der Familie Raphidiidae aus Mexiko und Nachweis einer Spermatophore in der Ordnung Raphidioptera (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Entomologia Generalis, 18, 145-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/18/1994/145
- Aspock, U. & Contreras-Ramos, A. (2004) Alena (Aztekoraphidia) horstaspoecki nov. spec. - a new snakefly from Mexico (Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae). Denisia, 13, 129-134.
- Aspock, U., Haring, E. & Aspock, H. (2012a) Biogeographical implications of a molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur allgeimeine und angewandte Entomologie, 18, 575-582.
- Aspock, H., Liu, X.Y. & Aspock, U. (2012b) The family Inocelliidae (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera): A review of present knowledge. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 18, 565-573.
- Aspock, U., Liu, X.Y., Rausch, H. & Aspock, H. (2011) The Inocelliidae of southeast Asia: a review of present knowledge (Raphidioptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N.F.), 58, 259-274.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.201100029
- Bather, F.A. (1909) Visit to the Florissant exhibit in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Geologists Association of London, 21, 159-165.
- Bechly, G. & Wolf-Schwenninger, K. (2011) A new fossil genus and species of snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with a discussion of snakefly phylogeny and fossil history. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 42, 221-236.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631211x568164
- Carpenter, F.M. (1936) Revision of the Nearctic Raphidiodea (recent and fossil). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science, 71, 89-157, 2 pls.
- Carpenter, F.M. (1953) The geological history and evolution of insects. American Scientist, 41, 256-270.
- Carpenter, F.M. (1957) The Baltic amber snake-flies Neuroptera. Psyche, 63 (for 1956), 77-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1956/97248
- Carpenter, F.M. (1959). Mexican snake-flies (Neuroptera: Raphidiodea). Psyche, 65 (for 1958), 52-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1958/14859
- Carpenter, F.M. (1968) Cretaceous insects from Labrador. 2. A new family of snake-flies (Neuroptera: Alloraphidiidae). Psyche, 74 (for 1967), 270-275.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1967/62569
- Cockerell, T.D.A. (1907) Some fossil arthropods from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23, 605-616.
- Cockerell, T.D.A. (1908) Fossil Osmylidae (Neuroptera) in America. Canadian Entomologist, 40, 341-342, pl. 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent40341-10
- Cockerell, T.D.A. (1909a) Fossil insects from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 26, 67-76, pl. 16.
- Cockerell, T.D.A. (1909b) A catalogue of the generic names based on American insects and arachnids from the tertiary rocks, with indications of the type species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 26, 77-86.
- Cockerell, T.D.A. (1912) A fossil Raphidia (Neur. Planip.). Entomological News, 23, 215-216.
- Cockerell, T.D.A. (1914) New and little-known insects from the Miocene of Florissant, Colorado. Journal of Geology, 22, 714- 724.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/622186
- Cockerell, T.D.A. (1917) Some fossil insects from Florissant, Colorado. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 53 (2210), 389-392.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.2210.389
- Cockerell, T.D.A. & Custer, C. (1925) A new fossil Inocellia (Neuroptera) from Florissant. The Entomologist, 58, 295-297.
- Comstock, J.H. (1918) The wings of Insects: An Exposition of the Uniform Terminology of the Wing-veins of insects and a Discussion of the More General Characteristics of the Wings of the Several Orders of Insects. Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca, NY, ix + 430 pp.
- Dayvault, R.D., Codington, L.A., Kohls, D., Hawes, W.D. & Ott, P.M. (1995) Fossil insects and spiders from three locations in the Green River Formation of the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado. In: Averett, W.R. (Ed.), The Green River Formation in Piceance Creek and Eastern Uinta Basins. Grand Junction Geological Society, Grand Junction, CO, pp. 97-115.
- Engel, M.S. (1998) A new fossil snake-fly species from Baltic amber (Raphidioptera: Inocellidae). Psyche, 102 (for 1995), 187-193.
- Engel, M.S. (2002) The smallest snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae): a new species in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, with a catalog of fossil snakeflies. American Museum Novitates, 3363, 1-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2002)363<0001:tssrma>2.0.co;2
- Engel, M.S. (2003) A new Eocene-Oligocene snakefly from Florissant, Colorado (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences, 106, 124-128.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1660/0022-8443(2003)106[0124:anesff]2.0.co;2
- Engel, M.S. (2009) A Miocene snakefly from Stewart Valley, Nevada (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 112, 211-214.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1660/062.112.0409
- Engel, M.S. (2011) A new snakefly from the Eocene Green River Formation (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 114, 77-87.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1660/062.114.0107
- Engel, M.S. & Ren, D. (2008) New snakeflies from the Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China (Raphidioptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 81, 188-193.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.2317/jkes-802.19.1
- Fabricius, J.C. (1781) Species insectorvm exhibentes eorvm differentias specificas, synonyma avctorvm, loca natalia, metamorphosin adiectis observationibvs, descriptionibvs. Tome 1. Hamburgi et Kilonii, 552 pp.
- Greenwood, D.R., Archibald, S.B., Mathewes, R.W. & Moss, P.T. (2005) Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 42, 167-185.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e04-100
- Grimaldi, D.A. (2000) A diverse fauna of Neuropterodea in amber from the Cretaceous of New Jersey. In: Grimaldi, D.A. (Ed.), Studies on Fossil in Amber, with Particular Reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 259-303.
- Grimaldi, D.A. & Engel, M.S. (2005) Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, xv + 755 pp.
- Hagen, H.A. (1861) Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America, with a list of the South American species. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 4 (1), i-xx + 1-347.
- Handlirsch, A. (1906-1908) Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Ein Handbuch fur Palaontologen und Zoologen. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, ix + 1430 pp., 51 pls. [issued in 1906 (pp. 1-640), 1907 (pp. 641-1120), 1908 (pp. 1120-1430)]
- Handlirsch, A. (1910) Canadian fossil insects. 5. Insects from the Tertiary lake deposits of the Southern Interior of British Columbia collected by Mr. Lawrence Lambe, in 1906. In: Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. Vol. II. Part III. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Canada, 12-P, pp. 93-129.
- Handlirsch, A. (1913) Subphylum C. Insecta (Hexapoda). Insects. In: Zittel, K.A. von (Ed.), Text-book of paleontology, edited by Charles R. Eastman. Vol. 1. 2nd Edition. Macmillan and Co. Limited, London, pp. 794-822.
- Handlirsch, A. (1920-1921) Siebentes Kapitel. Palaeontologie. In: Schroder, C. (Ed.), Handbuch der Entomologie. 3. Band. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 17-306. [issued in 1920 (pp. 113-208), 1921 (pp. 209-306)].
- Haring, E., Aspock, H., Bartel, D. & Aspock, U. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology, 36, 16-30.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x
- Janzen, J.W. (2002) Arthropods in Baltic amber. Ampyx Verlag, Halle, 167 pp.
- Kukalova-Peck, J. (1991) Fossil history and the evolution of hexapod structures. In: Naumann, I.D. (Chief Ed.), The Insects of Australia. A Textbook for Students and Research Workers. Vol. 1. 2nd Ed. Melbourne University Press, Carlton, pp. 141- 179.
- Kukalova-Peck, J. & Lawrence, J.F. (2004) Relationships among coleopteran suborders and major endoneopteran lineages: evidence from hind wing characters. European Journal of Entomology, 101, 95-144.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2004.018
- Latreille, P.A. (1810) Considerations generales sur l'ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes; avec un tableau methodique de leurs genre disposes en famille. Schoell, Paris, 444 pp.
- Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10th ed. Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp.
- Liu, X.Y., Aspock, H. & Aspock, U. (2014) Inocellia rara sp. nov. (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae), a new snakefly species from Taiwan, with remarks on systematics and biogeography of the Inocelliidae of the island. Zootaxa, 3753 (3), 226-232.
- Liu, X.Y., Aspock, H., Bi, W.X. & Aspock, U. (2013) Discovery of Raphidioptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) in Hainan Island, China, with description of a new species of the genus Inocellia Schneider. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N.F.), 60, 59-64.
- Liu, X.Y., Aspock, H., Yang, D. & Aspock, U. (2009a) Discovery of Amurinocellia H. Aspock & U. Aspock (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae) in China, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 2264, 41-50.
- Liu, X.Y., Aspock, H., Yang, D. & Aspock, U. (2009b) Inocellia elegans sp. n. (Raphidioptera, Inocelliidae) - A new and spectacular snakefly from China. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N.F.), 56, 317-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.200900029
- Liu, X.Y., Aspock, H., Yang, D. & Aspock, U. (2010a) Revision of the snakefly genus Mongoloraphidia (Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae) from mainland China. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N.F.), 57, 89-98.
- Liu, X.Y., Aspock, H., Yang, D. & Aspock, U. (2010b) Species of the Inocellia fulvostigmata group (Raphidioptera, Inocelliidae) from China. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N.F.), 57, 223-232.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.201000019
- Liu, X.Y., Aspock, H., Yang, D. & Aspock, U. (2010c) The Inocellia crassicornis species group (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae) in mainland China, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 2529, 40-54.
- Liu, X.Y., Aspock, H., Zhang, W.W. & Aspock, U. (2012a) New species of the snakefly genus Inocellia Schneider, 1843 (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae) from Yunnan, China. Zootaxa, 2529, 40-54.
- Liu, X.Y., Aspock, H., Zhang, W.W. & Aspock, U. (2012b) A review of the snakefly genus Sininocellia (Raphidioptera, Inocelliidae): discovery of the first male and description of a new species from China. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N.F.), 59, 233-240.
- Liu, X.Y., Makarkin, V.N., Yang, Q. & Ren, D. (2013) A remarkable new genus of basal snakeflies (Insecta: Raphidioptera: Priscaenigmatomorpha) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Cretaceous Research, 45, 306-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2013.06.001
- Makarkin, V.N. (1998) New Tertiary Neuroptera from the Russian Far East. Tertiary Research, 18, 77-83.
- Martynov, A.V. (1925a) To the knowledge of fossil insects from Jurassic beds in Turkestan. 1. Raphidioptera. Izvestia Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, (VI), 19, 233-246.
- Martynov, A.V. (1925b) To the knowledge of fossil insects from Jurassic beds in Turkestan. 2. Raphidioptera (continued), Orthoptera (s.l.), Odonata, Neuroptera. Izvestia Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, (VI), 19, 569-598.
- Martynov, A.V. (1928) Permian fossil insects of north-east Europe. Trudy Geologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR [Travaux du Musee Geologique pres l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS], 4, 1-118, 19 pls.
- Martynova, O.M. (1961) Recent and fossil snakeflies (Insecta, Raphidioptera). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 1961 (3), 73-83. [in Russian]
- Metzger, R. (1960) Die Kamelhalsfliegen (Neuroptera, Raphidiidae). Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei. Bd. 254 A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg Lutheerstadt, 47 pp.
- Monserrat, V.J. & Papenberg, D. (2006) Revision del genero Harraphidia Steinmann, 1963 con la descripcion de dos nuevas especies de la peninsula Iberica y de Marruecos (Insecta, Raphidioptera). Graellsia, 62, 203-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2006.v62.i2.67
- Navas, L. (1909) Rhaphidides (Insectes Nevropteres) du Musee de Paris. Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles, 33, 143-146.
- Navas, L. (1913) Neuropteros del R. Museo Zoologico de Napoles. Annuario del [R.] Museo Zoologico della R. Universita di Napoli (N.S.), 4 (3), 1-11.
- Navas, L. (1914) Algunos Neuropteros del Museo de Oxford. I serie. Boletin de la Sociedad Aragonesa de Ciencias Naturales, 13, 61-68.
- Navas, L. (1915) Neuropteros nuevos o poco conocidos (Quinta serie). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 11, 455-480.
- Navas, L. (1916) Notas sobre el orden de los Rafidiopteros (Ins.). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, (3), 12, 507-513.
- Navas, L. (1919) Rafidiopter (Ins.) Nou. Arxivs de l'Institute [d'Estudis Catalans, Seccio] de Ciencias, Barcelona, 5 (for 1917), 214-216.
- Nel, A., Semeria, Y. & Martins-Neto, R.G. (1990) Un Raphidioptera fossile du Cretace Inferieur du Bresil (Neuropteroidea). Neuroptera International, 6, 27-37.
- Nel, A. (1993) Nouveaux Raphidiopteres fossiles du Cenozoique de France et d'Espagne (Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae, Inocelliidae). Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Biologie et Evolution des Insectes, 6, 99-108.
- Oswald, J.D. (1990) Raphidioptera. In: Grimaldi, D.A. (Ed.), Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 195, pp. 154-163.
- Oswald, J.D. (1993) Revision and cladistic analysis of the world genera of the family Hemerobiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 101, 143-299.
- Oswald, J.D. (2013) Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 3.0. Available from: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/Species- Catalogue/ (accessed 12 August 2013)
- Penalver, E. & Seilacher, A. (1995) Rubielos de Mora. Eine untermiozane Fossil-Lagerstatte. Fossilien, 4, 211-216.
- Penny, N.D., Adams, P.A. & Stange, L.A. (1997) Species catalog of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera of America North of Mexico. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4), 50, 39-114.
- Perrichot, V. & Engel, M.S. (2007) Early Cretaceous snakefly larvae in amber from Lebanon, Myanmar, and France (Raphidioptera). American Museum Novitates, 3598, 1-11.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3598[1:ecslia]2.0.co;2
- Ponomarenko, A.G. (1988) New Mesozoic insects. In: Rozanov, A.Yu. (Chief Ed.), New species of fossil invertebrates of Mongolia. Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, 33, pp. 71-88. [in Russian, English summary]
- Ponomarenko, A.G. (1993) Lower Cretaceous snakeflies from Transbaikalia. In: Ponomarenko, A.G. (Ed.), Mesozoic insects and ostracods from Asia. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, 252, pp. 60-80. [in Russian]
- Ponomarenko, A.G. (2002) Superorder Myrmeleontidea Latreille, 1802 (=Neuropteroidea Handlirsch, 1903). In: Rasnitsyn, A.P. & Quicke, D.L.J. (Eds.), History of Insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, pp. 176-192.
- Ren, D., Cui, Y.Y. & Shih, C.K. (2010) Raphidioptera - looking out looking forward. In: Ren, D., Shih, C.K., Gao, T.P., Yao, Y.Z. & Zhao., Y.Y. (Eds.), Silent stories - insect fossil treasures from dinosaur era of the northeastern China. Sceince Press, Beijing, pp. 158-164.
- Rodeck, H.G. (1938) Type specimens of fossils in the University of Colorado Museum. The University of Colorado Studies, A, 25, 281-304.
- Rohwer, S.A. (1909) Three new fossil insects from Florissant, Colorado. American Journal of Science, 28, 533-536. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s4-28.168.533
- Schneider, W.G. (1843) Monographia generis Rhaphidiae Linnaei. Dissertatio entomologica quam ordinis amplissimi philosophorum auctoritate ad summos in philosophia honores rite obtinendos in universitate litterarum Vratislaviensi die XXI. Septembris A. MDCCCXLIII. Grassii, Barthii et Socii, Vratislaviae, [iv] + 99 pp.
- Scudder, S.H. (1890) The Tertiary Insects of North America. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, 13, 1-734, 28 pls.
- Scudder, S.H. (1891) Index to the known fossil insects of the world including myriapods and arachnids. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, 71, 1-744.
- Shcherbakov, D.E. (2013) Permian ancestors of Hymenoptera and Raphidioptera. Zookeys, 358, 45-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.358.6289
- Steinmann, H. (1963) Raphidiopterological studies I. Navasana gen. n. from Hungary, Harraphidia gen. n. from Morocco, new Lesna Nav. and Subilla Nav. species from Europe. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 9, 183-198.
- Stephens, J.F. (1836) Illustrations of British entomology; or, a synopsis of indigenous insects: containing their generic and specific distinctions; with an account of their metamorphoses, times of appearance, localities, food, economy as far as practicable. Embellished with coloured figures of the rarer and more interesting species. Mandibulata. Vol. 6. Baldwin and Cradock, London, 240 pp.
- Wang, W.L. (1987) Early Mesozoic insects fossils from western Liaoning. In: Yu, X.H., Wang, X.H., Liu, X.T. & Zhang, W. (Eds.), Mesozoic stratigraphy and palaeontology of Western Liaoning. Vol. 3. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 202-222. [in Chinese, English summary]
- Weidner, H. (1958) Einige interessante Insektenlarven aus der Bernsteininklusen-Sammlung des Geologischen Staatsinstituts Hamburg (Odonata, Coleoptera, Megaloptera, Planipennia). Mitteilung aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg, 27, 50-68.
- Wehr, W.C. (1998) Middle Eocene insects and plants of the Okanogan Highlands. In: Martin, J.E. (Ed.), Contributions to the paleontology and geology of the West Coast: In honor of V. Standish Mallory. Thomas Burke Memorial Washington State Museum, Research Report No. 6, pp. 99-109.
- Wehr, W.C. & Barksdale, L.L. (1996) A checklist of fossil insects from Republic, Washington. Washington Geology, 24 (2), 29.
- Whalley, P.E.S. (1985) The systematics and palaeogeography of the Lower Jurassic insects of Dorset, England. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology), 39, 107-189.
- Wedmann, S. (2000) Die Insekten der oberoligozanen Fossilagerstatte Enspel (Westerwald, Deutschland). Systematik, Biostratinomie und Palaookologie. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, Beiheft 16, 1-153, 9 pls.
- Willmann, R. (1994) Raphidiodea aus dem Lias und die Phylogenie der Kamelhalsfliegen (Insecta: Holometabola). Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 68, 167-197.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02989439
- Withycombe, C.L. (1923) The wing venation of Raphidia maculicollis Stephens. The Entomologist, 56, 33-35.
- Yang, C.K. (1985) A new genus and species of snakefly from Wuyishan (Raphidoptera [sic]: Inocelliidae). Wuyi Science Journal, 5, 25-28. [in Chinese]
- Yang, Q., Makarkin, V.N., Winterton, S.L., Khramov, A.V. & Ren, D. (2012) A remarkable new family of Jurassic insects (Neuroptera) with primitive wing venation and its phylogenetic position in Neuropterida. PLOS ONE, 7 (9), e44762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044762
- Zherikhin, V.V. (1978) Development and changes in Cretaceous and Cenozoic faunistic complexes (tracheates and chelicerates). Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, 165, 1-200. [in Russian]