Application of Melastomastrum capitatum Fern. (Melastomataceae) loaded-exosome as analgesic drug carrier in acetic acid-induced Swiss albino mice

Exosomes are nanoparticles (carriers) that play vital role in intercellular communication of cells. This present study was aimed at investigating exosome isolated from biological fluid for their biological applications in disease treatment especially as analgesic drug carrier. Exosomes were isolated from the kidney of cattle through ultracentrifugation of blood, and characterized by inverted scanning biological microscope. It was followed by the formation of Melastomastrum capitatum-exosome complexes (MCEC). A total number of twenty five (25) Swiss albino mice were used divided into five groups of five mice each. MCEC was administered to the mice in dosages of group I (100 mg/kg M. capitatum extract), group II (200 mg/kg Ibuprofen; standard drug), group III (300 mg/kg MCEC), group IV (400 mg/kg MCEC), and group V (500 mg/kg MCEC) (i.p). Results showed that MCEC decreased mean abdominal writhing in mice in dose dependent fashion with group V having the best mean abdominal contraction value of 12.0±02^b and 67% inhibition of pains in mice. This result was significantly different from the value obtained in the control group I, where the extract was delivered ordinarily at p0.05 (one-way ANOVA). This study therefore showed that delivery of drugs by nanoparticles offer more therapeutic values than when drug is administered ordinarily. It is then recommended that most resistant disease pathogens should be treated with nanoparticle-delivered drugs for effective treatment.