Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Action of Stem Cells in Cardiac Disease

Cardiac diseases are the consequence of blockage of blood vessels, scar formation and ultimate loss of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes. Immune cells and oxidative stress easily slow down the cardiac functions by manipulating the cardiac tissue matrix. Stem cell-based therapies, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), multipotential nonhematopoietic progenitor cells compensate the cardiac diseases by differentiating into multiple lineages of mesenchyme including cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of MSCs has been explored recently by various research groups. Secretion of biomolecules by MSCs perturbs and prevents the initiation, development and the function of the inflammatory cascade. These molecules mainly act through Paracrine mode. Anti-inflammatory action of MSCs mediates the cardiac diseases and the current progress in elucidating the mechanism and clinical use will be focused in detail in this article.