A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

AIM & OBJECTIVE: A prospective observational study in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at tertiary care teaching hospital.

METHODOLOGY: A Prospective observational study carried out in the Department of general medicine in Osmania General Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 6months. All the patients of either sex attending General medicine department with established type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included in the study. In-patients already diagnosed of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and are on treatment. In this Study, patients of more than 35 years of age group were included.  Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, any other severe illness, pregnant diabetics and patient with the alternative medicine were excluded.

RESULTS: During the study period a total 100 Diabetic Patients were enrolled. Out of which 70% were males and 30% were females. Among the total patients, HbA1c values in 48 patients i.e., 74% were found to be above 6.5% and in 17 patients i.e., 26% were found to be below 6.5%. It was found that GRBS values were high in patients at the time of admission in hospital, it was also noticed that the GRBS values were decreased during the period of treatment in hospital. Based on treatment, 71 patients were treated with insulin alone, 12 patients were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) and 17 patients were treated with both insulin and OHA. It was found that maximum patients were found with hypertension as co-morbidity followed by CVA.

CONCLUSION: Much of the burden of type 2 diabetes can be prevented with stringent control of hyperglycemia and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Treatment needs to focus on maintaining blood glucose values as close to the non-diabetic range as possible, with early initiation of effective interventions such as (combinations of) blood glucose lowering drugs and insulin, and prompt adjustment of treatment whenHbA1c is above the target value. The choice of anti-hyperglycemic agents should be based not only on efficacy, but drug safety. Special attention need to be focused on adverse effects, particularly hypoglycemia. Overall, pharmacist plays an important role in the management of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus by patient counseling and education about the lifestyle medications.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Oral Hypoglycemic agents, Hyperglycemia and Insulin.