ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ ПРОБЛЕМНОГО ТА КОМАНДНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ДЛЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ СТУДЕНТІВ У ВИЩІЙ МЕДИЧНІЙ ОСВІТІ США

Medical curriculum requires continuous improvement. The article considers the essence of new instructional strategies – problem-based and team-based learning that gained popularity in American medical education. This paper reviews the fundamentals of team-based and problem-based learning and their implementation in the classroom and in independent work of the medical students. The study presents the definition of instructional strategy that is defined as a designed course of actions for instructional goal framed by credible and realistic problems in order to activate prior knowledge and 
experience in order to learn new knowledge and skills. In medical education instructional strategy is used instead of teaching methods and approaches to learning. The article deals with analysis of the definitions of problem-based and team-based learning, their common and distinctive characteristics; their role in the future doctor's training system and the benefits for organization of students’ independent work. Team-based learning encourages students to be prepared before class and students’ work in teams in the classroom. It can be applied to large groups of up to 100 students. Team-based learning makes use of the advantages of small group teaching and learning, but in contrast 
to problem-based learning, does not need large numbers of teachers. In eam-based learning one teacher can run numerous study teams, whereas in problem-based learning each small group is run by one teacher. The learning phases of team-based learning are described: Individual Preparation, Readiness Assurance and Application of Key Concepts. Problem-based learning is used only for small group teaching. The students determine the 
problem issues that they have to learn independently. Key benefits of these instructional strategies are student engagement, improved communication skills, and enhanced critical-thinking and problem-solving abilities, effective organization of students’ independent work. Team-based learning and 
Problem-based learning can be used in Ukrainian medical schools.