A Corpus-driven Study of Contrastive Markers in Cantonese‒English Political Interpreting-Figure 2. The frequency of different renditions of "daan (hai)" in the English sub-corpus

The renditions of daan (hai) show a similar pattern (Figure 2). Among the 287 cases of daan (hai), the majority were interpreted into but (frequency=74) — its closest equivalence in English that signals denial and contrast. A total of 60 daan (hai) received no interpretation at all, which, again, indicates a possible mitigation strategy employed by the interpreter(s). Similar to the case of bat gwo, however — the other frequently used English marker apart from but — was the next most often employed rendition of daan (hai) in the English sub-corpus. In addition to but and however, daan (hai) was also rendered into the following English markers: although, despite, while, nevertheless, yet, having said that / that said, nonetheless, though, notwithstanding, on the other, regardless, even so, and after, most of which signal concession and topic change, with an even higher degree of subtlety as compared to however.