СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СЛОВОТВІРНОГО ГНІЗДА З ВЕРШИНОЮ «ЗИМА»

The article is devoted to the analysis of structural and
semantic peculiarities of derivative family of words with «zyma» (winter) top-word as an important
complex unit of general system of modern word formation. It is found out that noun «zyma» (winter)
is an active motivational base for 116 derivative words. The substantives have the most derivatives;
the adverbs have the least ones. Within the family of words derivatives can be at four derivational
stages relative to the top, the main word-forming processes are at the first and second derivational
stages in the family of words. The family consists of 24 derivational paradigms and 81 derivational
chains mainly of two and three-component elements both the same and different parts of speech.
Only morphological methods of word-forming: 1) suffix; 2) prefix; 3) postfix; 4) compounding;
5) prefix-suffixal are used in forming derivative family of words. The most productive is the suffixal
method of word-forming (the most substantives and adjectives are formed by means of it), the least
productive is the postfix one (only few verbal lexemes). The prefixal method is the most productive
in the verbal cluster. Formants, with the help of which cognate derivatives are formed, realize
various derivational meanings of objective, attributive, procedural semantics.
Within the analysed family of words the cases of non-regular and double motivation
of derivatives, divergence of formal and semantic motivation, and associative motivation are
revealed. Derivatives with the same meaning forming synonymic rows, a significant number of
phonetic and derivational variants that mainly reflect the word-forming tendencies of certain
regions in Ukraine are recorded.
The analysis of word-forming means and derivative meanings of the derivative family of
words being analysed allows us to state that its top is a productive motivational base, it has wide
connecting possibilities, as a result, the derivational family of words with «zyma» (winter) topword
is open for replenishment with new derivative units.