The Contributions of Previous Research on the Benefits and Future Treatments of Magnesium as an Implant Material

William Hunter proposed that damaged cartilage cannot be reconstituted. There is a more extensive availability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s) highlights the attractiveness of their use in cartilage regeneration. After investigating the effects of magnesium on the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by LPS and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 (RAW) cells to validate its anti-inflammatory mechanism as well as the investigation of the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) co-cultured with activated macrophage cell-conditioned medium and the potential effects of magnesium addition in the process, the
following conclusion can be drawn: The use of Magnesium showed evidence of enhancing the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting activated macrophage-induced inflammation.

Purpose: To examine the potential effects of magnesium on the phenotypic changes in
macrophages and their release of inflammatory cytokines with or without
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) activation.